The contemporary European zinc cycle: 1-year stocks and flows
Saved in:
| Title: | The contemporary European zinc cycle: 1-year stocks and flows |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Spatari, S.1 sabrina.spatari@utoronto.ca, Bertram, M.1,2, Fuse, K.1, Graedel, T.E.1, Shelov, Eric1 |
| Source: | Resources, Conservation & Recycling. Sep2003, Vol. 39 Issue 2, p137. 24p. |
| Subject Terms: | *Zinc, *Waste management, Resource management, Metal refining |
| Abstract: | A regional material stock and flow (STAF) model was constructed to track the pathway of zinc in the early 1990s in selected western European countries. This paper traces the major flows of zinc from ore, to product, to potential secondary resource as it moves through the European economy over 1 year. Successive mass balance estimations were used to determine zinc flows, including the amount of metal that enters stocks in waste reservoirs and products. A resource-specific model and database were used to allocate zinc flows and record temporal and spatial boundary data and data quality criteria. The model shows that for primary zinc, as for other non-ferrous metals, most is imported as concentrate from North and South America and Oceania, and is smelted in Europe to refined metal. It is estimated that 5 kg zinc per person enters use annually in the European economy; this is partly balanced by a flow to waste management of about 2 kg per capita. The largest flows of zinc in discard streams are in construction and demolition debris and in end-of-life vehicles. Only about 34% of the discarded zinc is recycled. While zinc''s residence time can be high for many of its applications in the building and construction sector, since the majority of zinc is used as an anti-corrosion coating, there are dissipative losses occurring during the lifetime of products and infrastructure containing zinc. This study and others suggest that zinc losses to the environment are significant in magnitude, and their impacts should be evaluated over time and at various spatial scales. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] |
| Copyright of Resources, Conservation & Recycling is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | GreenFILE |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 |
|---|---|
| Header | DbId: 8gh DbLabel: GreenFILE An: 10694798 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
| IllustrationInfo | |
| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: The contemporary European zinc cycle: 1-year stocks and flows – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Spatari%2C+S%2E%22">Spatari, S.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> sabrina.spatari@utoronto.ca</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bertram%2C+M%2E%22">Bertram, M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fuse%2C+K%2E%22">Fuse, K.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Graedel%2C+T%2EE%2E%22">Graedel, T.E.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shelov%2C+Eric%22">Shelov, Eric</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Resources%2C+Conservation+%26+Recycling%22">Resources, Conservation & Recycling</searchLink>. Sep2003, Vol. 39 Issue 2, p137. 24p. – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Zinc%22">Zinc</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Waste+management%22">Waste management</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Resource+management%22">Resource management</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Metal+refining%22">Metal refining</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: A regional material stock and flow (STAF) model was constructed to track the pathway of zinc in the early 1990s in selected western European countries. This paper traces the major flows of zinc from ore, to product, to potential secondary resource as it moves through the European economy over 1 year. Successive mass balance estimations were used to determine zinc flows, including the amount of metal that enters stocks in waste reservoirs and products. A resource-specific model and database were used to allocate zinc flows and record temporal and spatial boundary data and data quality criteria. The model shows that for primary zinc, as for other non-ferrous metals, most is imported as concentrate from North and South America and Oceania, and is smelted in Europe to refined metal. It is estimated that 5 kg zinc per person enters use annually in the European economy; this is partly balanced by a flow to waste management of about 2 kg per capita. The largest flows of zinc in discard streams are in construction and demolition debris and in end-of-life vehicles. Only about 34% of the discarded zinc is recycled. While zinc''s residence time can be high for many of its applications in the building and construction sector, since the majority of zinc is used as an anti-corrosion coating, there are dissipative losses occurring during the lifetime of products and infrastructure containing zinc. This study and others suggest that zinc losses to the environment are significant in magnitude, and their impacts should be evaluated over time and at various spatial scales. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Resources, Conservation & Recycling is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
| PLink | https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=8gh&AN=10694798 |
| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1016/S0921-3449(02)00168-4 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 24 StartPage: 137 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Zinc Type: general – SubjectFull: Waste management Type: general – SubjectFull: Resource management Type: general – SubjectFull: Metal refining Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: The contemporary European zinc cycle: 1-year stocks and flows Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Spatari, S. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Bertram, M. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Fuse, K. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Graedel, T.E. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Shelov, Eric IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 09 Text: Sep2003 Type: published Y: 2003 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 09213449 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 39 – Type: issue Value: 2 Titles: – TitleFull: Resources, Conservation & Recycling Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
