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A low-cost printed organic thermoelectric generator for low-temperature energy harvesting.

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Title: A low-cost printed organic thermoelectric generator for low-temperature energy harvesting.
Authors: Shakeel, Muhammad1 (AUTHOR), Rehman, Khalid1 (AUTHOR) khalid.rehman@giki.edu.pk, Ahmad, Salman1 (AUTHOR), Amin, Mohsin1 (AUTHOR), Iqbal, Nadeem1 (AUTHOR), Khan, Arshad2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Renewable Energy: An International Journal. Apr2021, Vol. 167, p853-860. 8p.
Subject Terms: *Solar thermal energy, *Clean energy, *Fossil fuels, Energy harvesting, Thermoelectric generators, Electrical energy
Abstract: Global warming and pollution resulted from the increased power demand are some of the present era challenges associated with power generation through fossil fuels. To provide a solution, renewable energy systems are gaining much interest to capture energy through different energy harvesting devices. Among the energy harvesting devices, the thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are the ones with the ability to directly convert thermal energy into electrical energy without any environmental effects. However, their conventional fabrication methods are costly and possess environmental effects. This research reports an organic TEG fabricated through a cost-efficient and environmentally friendly process known as the direct ink write technique. The TEGs are printed onto a glass substrate, the most common insulator used in houses, and building windows with two different lengths. The active materials used are poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS) ink which is an organic semiconducting material and silver ink. The maximum power outputs of 5.17 ± 0.5 nW and 4.08 ± 0.5 nW are recorded for TEGs with different characteristic lengths of 30 and 40 mm at a temperature gradient of 120 °C. Furthermore, the performance of TEG is also characterized for solar thermal energy harvesting. The results obtained are reasonably linear, stable, and comparable to previously reported. • TEGs are clean energy converters but their manufacturing is costly. • Direct ink write technique shows a cost-efficient approach as compared to conventional technique. • The technique have the capability of printing TEG directly on window glass for energy harvesting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Renewable Energy: An International Journal is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: A low-cost printed organic thermoelectric generator for low-temperature energy harvesting.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shakeel%2C+Muhammad%22">Shakeel, Muhammad</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rehman%2C+Khalid%22">Rehman, Khalid</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> khalid.rehman@giki.edu.pk</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ahmad%2C+Salman%22">Ahmad, Salman</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Amin%2C+Mohsin%22">Amin, Mohsin</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Iqbal%2C+Nadeem%22">Iqbal, Nadeem</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Khan%2C+Arshad%22">Khan, Arshad</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Renewable+Energy%3A+An+International+Journal%22">Renewable Energy: An International Journal</searchLink>. Apr2021, Vol. 167, p853-860. 8p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solar+thermal+energy%22">Solar thermal energy</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Clean+energy%22">Clean energy</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fossil+fuels%22">Fossil fuels</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+harvesting%22">Energy harvesting</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermoelectric+generators%22">Thermoelectric generators</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electrical+energy%22">Electrical energy</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Global warming and pollution resulted from the increased power demand are some of the present era challenges associated with power generation through fossil fuels. To provide a solution, renewable energy systems are gaining much interest to capture energy through different energy harvesting devices. Among the energy harvesting devices, the thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are the ones with the ability to directly convert thermal energy into electrical energy without any environmental effects. However, their conventional fabrication methods are costly and possess environmental effects. This research reports an organic TEG fabricated through a cost-efficient and environmentally friendly process known as the direct ink write technique. The TEGs are printed onto a glass substrate, the most common insulator used in houses, and building windows with two different lengths. The active materials used are poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS) ink which is an organic semiconducting material and silver ink. The maximum power outputs of 5.17 ± 0.5 nW and 4.08 ± 0.5 nW are recorded for TEGs with different characteristic lengths of 30 and 40 mm at a temperature gradient of 120 °C. Furthermore, the performance of TEG is also characterized for solar thermal energy harvesting. The results obtained are reasonably linear, stable, and comparable to previously reported. • TEGs are clean energy converters but their manufacturing is costly. • Direct ink write technique shows a cost-efficient approach as compared to conventional technique. • The technique have the capability of printing TEG directly on window glass for energy harvesting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Renewable Energy: An International Journal is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.renene.2020.11.158
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 8
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    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Solar thermal energy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Clean energy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fossil fuels
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Energy harvesting
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Thermoelectric generators
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electrical energy
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: A low-cost printed organic thermoelectric generator for low-temperature energy harvesting.
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            NameFull: Shakeel, Muhammad
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            NameFull: Rehman, Khalid
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            NameFull: Ahmad, Salman
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            NameFull: Amin, Mohsin
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            NameFull: Iqbal, Nadeem
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            NameFull: Khan, Arshad
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              M: 04
              Text: Apr2021
              Type: published
              Y: 2021
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              Value: 167
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            – TitleFull: Renewable Energy: An International Journal
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