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Multi Satellite Observation of a Foreshock Bubble Causing an Extreme Magnetopause Expansion.

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Title: Multi Satellite Observation of a Foreshock Bubble Causing an Extreme Magnetopause Expansion.
Authors: Grimmich, Niklas1 (AUTHOR) n.grimmich@tu-braunschweig.de, Prencipe, Fabio1 (AUTHOR), Turner, Drew L.2 (AUTHOR), Liu, Terry Z.3 (AUTHOR), Plaschke, Ferdinand1 (AUTHOR), Archer, Martin O.4 (AUTHOR), Nakamura, Rumi5 (AUTHOR), Sibeck, David G.6 (AUTHOR), Mieth, Johannes Z. D.1 (AUTHOR), Auster, Hans‐Ulrich1 (AUTHOR), Constantinescu, O. Dragos1 (AUTHOR), Fischer, David5 (AUTHOR), Magnes, Werner5 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics. Mar2024, Vol. 129 Issue 3, p1-16. 16p.
Subject Terms: *Geomagnetism, Magnetopause, Solar wind, Artificial satellites, Plasma flow, Magnetosphere, High temperature plasmas
Abstract: The interaction of a solar wind discontinuity with the backstreaming particles of the Earth's ion foreshock can generate hot, tenuous plasma transients such as foreshock bubbles (FB) and hot flow anomalies (HFA). These transients are known to have strong effects on the magnetosphere, distorting the magnetopause (MP), either locally during HFAs or globally during FBs. However, previous studies on the global impact of FBs have not been able to determine whether the response stems directly from the transverse scale size of the phenomenon or its fast motion over the magnetosphere. Here we present the observation of an FB and its impact on the magnetosphere from different spacecraft scattered over the dayside magnetosphere. We are able to constrain the size of the transverse scale of an FB from direct observations to be about 10 RE. We go on to discuss how the magnetosphere responds to this transient, which seems to have a similar scale across the dayside. Plain Language Summary: The solar wind is a fast plasma flow of charged particles originating from the Sun. Earth's magnetic field diverts this flow around the planet forming the magnetosphere. The bow shock forms upstream of Earth to decelerate the solar wind and deflect the flow around Earth's magnetic field. A fraction of the solar wind particles are reflected back into the solar wind stream, forming the foreshock. Discontinuities in the solar wind can concentrate these backstreaming particles forming a bubble of hot and tenuous plasma called a foreshock bubble. These transients structures move with the solar wind, arriving at and modifying the bow shock and leading to an expansion of the magnetosphere due to lower pressure within the transients' core. Such a response was reported before in different studies which conclude that foreshock bubbles have a global impact on the magnetosphere. In our study we report on another foreshock bubble observed by a multi‐spacecraft constellation. The observations allowed us to constrain the size of the foreshock bubble. We observe that the large scale response of the magnetosphere seems to reflect with the size of the FB. Key Points: Multi satellite observation of a large foreshock bubble (FB) hitting Earth's magnetosphereThe transverse (y − z) scale size of the FB can be constrained from observations to be at least 8–10 RE fitting with simulationsThe magnetospheric response to the FB seems to be visible across almost 10 RE of the dayside, matching the FB size [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Multi Satellite Observation of a Foreshock Bubble Causing an Extreme Magnetopause Expansion.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Grimmich%2C+Niklas%22">Grimmich, Niklas</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> n.grimmich@tu-braunschweig.de</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Prencipe%2C+Fabio%22">Prencipe, Fabio</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Turner%2C+Drew+L%2E%22">Turner, Drew L.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Terry+Z%2E%22">Liu, Terry Z.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Plaschke%2C+Ferdinand%22">Plaschke, Ferdinand</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Archer%2C+Martin+O%2E%22">Archer, Martin O.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nakamura%2C+Rumi%22">Nakamura, Rumi</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sibeck%2C+David+G%2E%22">Sibeck, David G.</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mieth%2C+Johannes+Z%2E+D%2E%22">Mieth, Johannes Z. D.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Auster%2C+Hans‐Ulrich%22">Auster, Hans‐Ulrich</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Constantinescu%2C+O%2E+Dragos%22">Constantinescu, O. Dragos</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fischer%2C+David%22">Fischer, David</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Magnes%2C+Werner%22">Magnes, Werner</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Geophysical+Research%2E+Space+Physics%22">Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics</searchLink>. Mar2024, Vol. 129 Issue 3, p1-16. 16p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Geomagnetism%22">Geomagnetism</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetopause%22">Magnetopause</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solar+wind%22">Solar wind</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Artificial+satellites%22">Artificial satellites</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Plasma+flow%22">Plasma flow</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetosphere%22">Magnetosphere</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22High+temperature+plasmas%22">High temperature plasmas</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The interaction of a solar wind discontinuity with the backstreaming particles of the Earth's ion foreshock can generate hot, tenuous plasma transients such as foreshock bubbles (FB) and hot flow anomalies (HFA). These transients are known to have strong effects on the magnetosphere, distorting the magnetopause (MP), either locally during HFAs or globally during FBs. However, previous studies on the global impact of FBs have not been able to determine whether the response stems directly from the transverse scale size of the phenomenon or its fast motion over the magnetosphere. Here we present the observation of an FB and its impact on the magnetosphere from different spacecraft scattered over the dayside magnetosphere. We are able to constrain the size of the transverse scale of an FB from direct observations to be about 10 RE. We go on to discuss how the magnetosphere responds to this transient, which seems to have a similar scale across the dayside. Plain Language Summary: The solar wind is a fast plasma flow of charged particles originating from the Sun. Earth's magnetic field diverts this flow around the planet forming the magnetosphere. The bow shock forms upstream of Earth to decelerate the solar wind and deflect the flow around Earth's magnetic field. A fraction of the solar wind particles are reflected back into the solar wind stream, forming the foreshock. Discontinuities in the solar wind can concentrate these backstreaming particles forming a bubble of hot and tenuous plasma called a foreshock bubble. These transients structures move with the solar wind, arriving at and modifying the bow shock and leading to an expansion of the magnetosphere due to lower pressure within the transients' core. Such a response was reported before in different studies which conclude that foreshock bubbles have a global impact on the magnetosphere. In our study we report on another foreshock bubble observed by a multi‐spacecraft constellation. The observations allowed us to constrain the size of the foreshock bubble. We observe that the large scale response of the magnetosphere seems to reflect with the size of the FB. Key Points: Multi satellite observation of a large foreshock bubble (FB) hitting Earth's magnetosphereThe transverse (y − z) scale size of the FB can be constrained from observations to be at least 8–10 RE fitting with simulationsThe magnetospheric response to the FB seems to be visible across almost 10 RE of the dayside, matching the FB size [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1029/2023JA032052
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 16
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Geomagnetism
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Magnetopause
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Solar wind
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Artificial satellites
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Plasma flow
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Magnetosphere
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: High temperature plasmas
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Multi Satellite Observation of a Foreshock Bubble Causing an Extreme Magnetopause Expansion.
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              Text: Mar2024
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