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Effects of burning and photochemical degradation of Macondo surrogate oil on its composition and toxicity.

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Title: Effects of burning and photochemical degradation of Macondo surrogate oil on its composition and toxicity.
Authors: Benz, Pamela P.1 (AUTHOR) pamelabenz@uwf.edu, Zito, Phoebe2 (AUTHOR), Osborn, Ed2 (AUTHOR), Goranov, Aleksandar I.3 (AUTHOR), Hatcher, Patrick G.3 (AUTHOR), Seivert, Matthew D.4 (AUTHOR), Jeffrey, Wade H.5 (AUTHOR)
Source: Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts. 7/1/2024, Vol. 26 Issue 7, p1205-1215. 11p.
Subject Terms: *Photodegradation, *Dissolved organic matter, *Petroleum products, *Petroleum, Ion cyclotron resonance spectrometry
Geographic Terms: Gulf of Mexico
Abstract: Petroleum products in the environment can produce significant toxicity through photochemically driven processes. Burning surface oil and photochemical degradation were two mechanisms for oil removal after the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. After burning, residual oil remains in the environment and may undergo further weathering, a poorly understood fate. Although photochemistry was a major degradation pathway of the DWH oil, its effect on burned oil residue in the environment is under studied. Here, we ignited Macondo surrogate crude oil and allowed it to burn to exhaustion. Water-accommodated fractions (WAFs) of the burn residue were created in full sunlight to determine the effects of photochemical weathering on the burned oil residue. Our findings show that increased dissolved organic carbon concentrations (DOC) for the light unburned and light burned after sunlight exposure positively correlated to decreased microbial growth and production inhibition (i.e. more toxic) when compared to the dark controls. Optical and molecular analytical techniques were used to identify the classes of compounds contributing to the toxicity in the dark and light burned and dark and light unburned WAFs. After light exposure, the optical composition between the light unburned and light burned differed significantly (p < 0.05), revealing key fluorescence signatures commonly identified as crude oil degradation products. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) analysis showed more condensed aromatic, reduced oxygenated compounds present in the light burned than in the light unburned. FT-ICR MS also showed an increase in the percent relative abundance of carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules (CRAM) like compounds in the light burned compared to light unburned. The increase in CRAM suggests that the composition of the light burned is more photorefractory, i.e., reduced, explaining the residual toxicity observed in microbial activity. Overall, these data indicate burning removes some but not all toxic compounds, leaving behind compounds which retain considerable toxicity. This study shows that burn oil residues are photolabile breaking down further into complex reduced compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts is the property of Royal Society of Chemistry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Effects of burning and photochemical degradation of Macondo surrogate oil on its composition and toxicity.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Benz%2C+Pamela+P%2E%22&quot;&gt;Benz, Pamela P.&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; pamelabenz@uwf.edu&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Zito%2C+Phoebe%22&quot;&gt;Zito, Phoebe&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;2&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Osborn%2C+Ed%22&quot;&gt;Osborn, Ed&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;2&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Goranov%2C+Aleksandar+I%2E%22&quot;&gt;Goranov, Aleksandar I.&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;3&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Hatcher%2C+Patrick+G%2E%22&quot;&gt;Hatcher, Patrick G.&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;3&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Seivert%2C+Matthew+D%2E%22&quot;&gt;Seivert, Matthew D.&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;4&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Jeffrey%2C+Wade+H%2E%22&quot;&gt;Jeffrey, Wade H.&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;5&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)
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– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Petroleum products in the environment can produce significant toxicity through photochemically driven processes. Burning surface oil and photochemical degradation were two mechanisms for oil removal after the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. After burning, residual oil remains in the environment and may undergo further weathering, a poorly understood fate. Although photochemistry was a major degradation pathway of the DWH oil, its effect on burned oil residue in the environment is under studied. Here, we ignited Macondo surrogate crude oil and allowed it to burn to exhaustion. Water-accommodated fractions (WAFs) of the burn residue were created in full sunlight to determine the effects of photochemical weathering on the burned oil residue. Our findings show that increased dissolved organic carbon concentrations (DOC) for the light unburned and light burned after sunlight exposure positively correlated to decreased microbial growth and production inhibition (i.e. more toxic) when compared to the dark controls. Optical and molecular analytical techniques were used to identify the classes of compounds contributing to the toxicity in the dark and light burned and dark and light unburned WAFs. After light exposure, the optical composition between the light unburned and light burned differed significantly (p &lt; 0.05), revealing key fluorescence signatures commonly identified as crude oil degradation products. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) analysis showed more condensed aromatic, reduced oxygenated compounds present in the light burned than in the light unburned. FT-ICR MS also showed an increase in the percent relative abundance of carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules (CRAM) like compounds in the light burned compared to light unburned. The increase in CRAM suggests that the composition of the light burned is more photorefractory, i.e., reduced, explaining the residual toxicity observed in microbial activity. Overall, these data indicate burning removes some but not all toxic compounds, leaving behind compounds which retain considerable toxicity. This study shows that burn oil residues are photolabile breaking down further into complex reduced compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Environmental Science: Processes &amp; Impacts is the property of Royal Society of Chemistry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1039/d4em00023d
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 11
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    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Photodegradation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dissolved organic matter
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Petroleum products
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Petroleum
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      – SubjectFull: Ion cyclotron resonance spectrometry
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      – SubjectFull: Gulf of Mexico
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      – TitleFull: Effects of burning and photochemical degradation of Macondo surrogate oil on its composition and toxicity.
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              Text: 7/1/2024
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              Y: 2024
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