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Long-term observations of ozone fluxes in a Japanese red pine forest.

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Title: Long-term observations of ozone fluxes in a Japanese red pine forest.
Authors: Wada, R.1 (AUTHOR) wada@ntu.ac.jp, Miyama, T.2 (AUTHOR), Kominami, Y.2 (AUTHOR), Takanashi, S.2 (AUTHOR), Katata, G.3 (AUTHOR), Ueyama, M.4 (AUTHOR), Tani, A.5 (AUTHOR), Yonemura, S.6 (AUTHOR), Takagi, K.7 (AUTHOR), Matsumi, Y.8 (AUTHOR), Kajino, M.9 (AUTHOR), Nakano, T.10 (AUTHOR), Takahashi, Y.11 (AUTHOR), Watanabe, M.12 (AUTHOR), Yamaguchi, M.13 (AUTHOR), Kinose, Y.14 (AUTHOR), Izuta, T.12 (AUTHOR)
Source: Atmospheric Environment. May2026, Vol. 372, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subject Terms: *Ozone, *Ecological impact, *Atmospheric deposition, *Forest ecology, Red pine, Seasonal physiological variations, Micrometeorology
Abstract: Quantifying seasonal variations in ozone (O 3) fluxes in forest ecosystems and identifying their causes are essential for characterizing the global sink and source strength of O 3 and conserving atmospheric and forest environments. We measured O 3 fluxes in a Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora) forest located at the foothills of Mt. Fuji from 2016 to 2020 using the micrometeorological gradient method. Flux quality was validated by comparing CO 2 fluxes derived from the gradient and eddy-covariance methods, which showed good agreement. To our knowledge, this study represents the first multiyear observations of O 3 fluxes and stomatal O 3 uptake ratios in an Asian forest. The measured five-year daytime O 3 fluxes (10:00–15:00) in summer and winter were −9.6 ± 3.2 and −3.3 ± 1.8 nmol m−2 s−1, respectively. The O 3 flux in winter was approximately 30% of that in summer. The daytime O 3 concentration and flux (deposition) values peaked in spring and summer. The ratios of the stomatal O 3 uptake to the total forest O 3 deposition in summer and winter were 0.64 ± 0.28 and 0.32 ± 0.30, respectively. This ratio was among the highest reported in previous studies. A likely explanation is the relatively low ambient O 3 concentration at the observation site. The cumulative value of leaf area-based stomatal O 3 fluxes exceeding 1.6 and 1 nmol m−2 s−1 during summer was 0.7 and 1.9 mmol m−2, respectively. The Japanese red pine forests absorb a certain amount of O 3 , which has the potential to impact the ecosystem. Further studies are needed to quantify ecological impacts and underlying deposition processes. [Display omitted] • O 3 fluxes were observed in an Asian forest for five years. • O 3 fluxes were measured by the gradient method, with CO 2 fluxes for quality control. • The ratio of O 3 absorbed by stomata was high, reflecting the properties of the forest. • The cumulative O 3 absorbed by stomata was small, but its effect cannot be excluded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Long-term observations of ozone fluxes in a Japanese red pine forest.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wada%2C+R%2E%22">Wada, R.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> wada@ntu.ac.jp</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Miyama%2C+T%2E%22">Miyama, T.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kominami%2C+Y%2E%22">Kominami, Y.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Takanashi%2C+S%2E%22">Takanashi, S.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Katata%2C+G%2E%22">Katata, G.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ueyama%2C+M%2E%22">Ueyama, M.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tani%2C+A%2E%22">Tani, A.</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yonemura%2C+S%2E%22">Yonemura, S.</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Takagi%2C+K%2E%22">Takagi, K.</searchLink><relatesTo>7</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Matsumi%2C+Y%2E%22">Matsumi, Y.</searchLink><relatesTo>8</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kajino%2C+M%2E%22">Kajino, M.</searchLink><relatesTo>9</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nakano%2C+T%2E%22">Nakano, T.</searchLink><relatesTo>10</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Takahashi%2C+Y%2E%22">Takahashi, Y.</searchLink><relatesTo>11</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Watanabe%2C+M%2E%22">Watanabe, M.</searchLink><relatesTo>12</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yamaguchi%2C+M%2E%22">Yamaguchi, M.</searchLink><relatesTo>13</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kinose%2C+Y%2E%22">Kinose, Y.</searchLink><relatesTo>14</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Izuta%2C+T%2E%22">Izuta, T.</searchLink><relatesTo>12</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Atmospheric+Environment%22">Atmospheric Environment</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 372, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ozone%22">Ozone</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ecological+impact%22">Ecological impact</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Atmospheric+deposition%22">Atmospheric deposition</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Forest+ecology%22">Forest ecology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Red+pine%22">Red pine</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Seasonal+physiological+variations%22">Seasonal physiological variations</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Micrometeorology%22">Micrometeorology</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Quantifying seasonal variations in ozone (O 3) fluxes in forest ecosystems and identifying their causes are essential for characterizing the global sink and source strength of O 3 and conserving atmospheric and forest environments. We measured O 3 fluxes in a Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora) forest located at the foothills of Mt. Fuji from 2016 to 2020 using the micrometeorological gradient method. Flux quality was validated by comparing CO 2 fluxes derived from the gradient and eddy-covariance methods, which showed good agreement. To our knowledge, this study represents the first multiyear observations of O 3 fluxes and stomatal O 3 uptake ratios in an Asian forest. The measured five-year daytime O 3 fluxes (10:00–15:00) in summer and winter were −9.6 ± 3.2 and −3.3 ± 1.8 nmol m−2 s−1, respectively. The O 3 flux in winter was approximately 30% of that in summer. The daytime O 3 concentration and flux (deposition) values peaked in spring and summer. The ratios of the stomatal O 3 uptake to the total forest O 3 deposition in summer and winter were 0.64 ± 0.28 and 0.32 ± 0.30, respectively. This ratio was among the highest reported in previous studies. A likely explanation is the relatively low ambient O 3 concentration at the observation site. The cumulative value of leaf area-based stomatal O 3 fluxes exceeding 1.6 and 1 nmol m−2 s−1 during summer was 0.7 and 1.9 mmol m−2, respectively. The Japanese red pine forests absorb a certain amount of O 3 , which has the potential to impact the ecosystem. Further studies are needed to quantify ecological impacts and underlying deposition processes. [Display omitted] • O 3 fluxes were observed in an Asian forest for five years. • O 3 fluxes were measured by the gradient method, with CO 2 fluxes for quality control. • The ratio of O 3 absorbed by stomata was high, reflecting the properties of the forest. • The cumulative O 3 absorbed by stomata was small, but its effect cannot be excluded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2026.121901
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 1
        StartPage: N.PAG
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Ozone
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ecological impact
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Atmospheric deposition
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Forest ecology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Red pine
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Seasonal physiological variations
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Micrometeorology
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Long-term observations of ozone fluxes in a Japanese red pine forest.
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              Text: May2026
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