APA (7th ed.) Citation

Bi, Y., Lam, A., Quan, H., Liu, H., & Wang, C. (2025). Retraction Note to: A comprehensively improved particle swarm optimization algorithm to guarantee particle activity. Russian Physics Journal, 68(3), 549. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11182-025-03463-7

Chicago Style (17th ed.) Citation

Bi, Ya, Anthony Lam, Huiqun Quan, Hui Liu, and Cunfa Wang. "Retraction Note to: A comprehensively Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm to Guarantee Particle Activity." Russian Physics Journal 68, no. 3 (2025): 549. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11182-025-03463-7.

MLA (9th ed.) Citation

Bi, Ya, et al. "Retraction Note to: A comprehensively Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm to Guarantee Particle Activity." Russian Physics Journal, vol. 68, no. 3, 2025, p. 549, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11182-025-03463-7.