APA (7th ed.) Citation

Chen, T. (2026). Kicking away the ladder? Trade, technology transfer, and Chinese-East German disputes on the development of precision mechanics and optical industry. Business History, 68(2), 490. https://doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2025.2512873

Chicago Style (17th ed.) Citation

Chen, Tao. "Kicking Away the Ladder? Trade, Technology Transfer, and Chinese-East German Disputes on the Development of Precision Mechanics and Optical Industry." Business History 68, no. 2 (2026): 490. https://doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2025.2512873.

MLA (9th ed.) Citation

Chen, Tao. "Kicking Away the Ladder? Trade, Technology Transfer, and Chinese-East German Disputes on the Development of Precision Mechanics and Optical Industry." Business History, vol. 68, no. 2, 2026, p. 490, https://doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2025.2512873.