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Environmental and Personal Protective Equipment Contamination during Simulated Healthcare Activities.

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Title: Environmental and Personal Protective Equipment Contamination during Simulated Healthcare Activities.
Authors: Weber, Rachel T1, Phan, Linh T1, Fritzen-Pedicini, Charissa1, Jones, Rachael M1 rachael.jones@utah.edu
Source: Annals of Work Exposures & Health. Aug2019, Vol. 63 Issue 8, p784-796. 13p. 6 Charts.
Subjects: Aerosols, Attitude (Psychology), Baths, Blood vessels, Body fluids, Health facilities, Intubation, Medical equipment, Medical personnel, Personal protective equipment, Physical diagnosis, Qualitative research, Quantitative research, Medical suction, Fluorescent dyes, Medical equipment contamination
Abstract: Providing care to patients with an infectious disease can result in the exposure of healthcare workers (HCWs) to pathogen-containing bodily fluids. We performed a series of experiments to characterize the magnitude of environmental contamination—in air, on surfaces and on participants—associated with seven common healthcare activities. The seven activities studied were bathing, central venous access, intravenous access, intubation, physical examination, suctioning and vital signs assessment. HCWs with experience in one or more activities were recruited to participate and performed one to two activities in the laboratory using task trainers that contained or were contaminated with fluorescein-containing simulated bodily fluid. Fluorescein was quantitatively measured in the air and on seven environmental surfaces. Fluorescein was quantitatively and qualitatively measured on the personal protective equipment (PPE) worn by participants. A total of 39 participants performed 74 experiments, involving 10–12 experimental trials for each healthcare activity. Healthcare activities resulted in diverse patterns and levels of contamination in the environment and on PPE that are consistent with the nature of the activity. Glove and gown contamination were ubiquitous, affirming the value of wearing these pieces of PPE to protect HCW's clothing and skin. Though intubation and suctioning are considered aerosol-generating procedures, fluorescein was detected less frequently in air and at lower levels on face shields and facemasks than other activities, which suggests that the definition of aerosol-generating procedure may need to be revised. Face shields may protect the face and facemask from splashes and sprays of bodily fluids and should be used for more healthcare activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Annals of Work Exposures & Health is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Environmental and Personal Protective Equipment Contamination during Simulated Healthcare Activities.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Weber%2C+Rachel+T%22">Weber, Rachel T</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Phan%2C+Linh+T%22">Phan, Linh T</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fritzen-Pedicini%2C+Charissa%22">Fritzen-Pedicini, Charissa</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jones%2C+Rachael+M%22">Jones, Rachael M</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> rachael.jones@utah.edu</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Annals+of+Work+Exposures+%26+Health%22">Annals of Work Exposures & Health</searchLink>. Aug2019, Vol. 63 Issue 8, p784-796. 13p. 6 Charts.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Aerosols%22">Aerosols</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Attitude+%28Psychology%29%22">Attitude (Psychology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Baths%22">Baths</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Blood+vessels%22">Blood vessels</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Body+fluids%22">Body fluids</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Health+facilities%22">Health facilities</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Intubation%22">Intubation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Medical+equipment%22">Medical equipment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Medical+personnel%22">Medical personnel</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Personal+protective+equipment%22">Personal protective equipment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Physical+diagnosis%22">Physical diagnosis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Qualitative+research%22">Qualitative research</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Quantitative+research%22">Quantitative research</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Medical+suction%22">Medical suction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fluorescent+dyes%22">Fluorescent dyes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Medical+equipment+contamination%22">Medical equipment contamination</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Providing care to patients with an infectious disease can result in the exposure of healthcare workers (HCWs) to pathogen-containing bodily fluids. We performed a series of experiments to characterize the magnitude of environmental contamination—in air, on surfaces and on participants—associated with seven common healthcare activities. The seven activities studied were bathing, central venous access, intravenous access, intubation, physical examination, suctioning and vital signs assessment. HCWs with experience in one or more activities were recruited to participate and performed one to two activities in the laboratory using task trainers that contained or were contaminated with fluorescein-containing simulated bodily fluid. Fluorescein was quantitatively measured in the air and on seven environmental surfaces. Fluorescein was quantitatively and qualitatively measured on the personal protective equipment (PPE) worn by participants. A total of 39 participants performed 74 experiments, involving 10–12 experimental trials for each healthcare activity. Healthcare activities resulted in diverse patterns and levels of contamination in the environment and on PPE that are consistent with the nature of the activity. Glove and gown contamination were ubiquitous, affirming the value of wearing these pieces of PPE to protect HCW's clothing and skin. Though intubation and suctioning are considered aerosol-generating procedures, fluorescein was detected less frequently in air and at lower levels on face shields and facemasks than other activities, which suggests that the definition of aerosol-generating procedure may need to be revised. Face shields may protect the face and facemask from splashes and sprays of bodily fluids and should be used for more healthcare activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Annals of Work Exposures & Health is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1093/annweh/wxz048
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 13
        StartPage: 784
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Aerosols
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Attitude (Psychology)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Baths
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Blood vessels
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Body fluids
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Health facilities
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Intubation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Medical equipment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Medical personnel
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Personal protective equipment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Physical diagnosis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Qualitative research
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Quantitative research
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Medical suction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fluorescent dyes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Medical equipment contamination
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Environmental and Personal Protective Equipment Contamination during Simulated Healthcare Activities.
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            NameFull: Weber, Rachel T
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            NameFull: Phan, Linh T
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            NameFull: Fritzen-Pedicini, Charissa
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            NameFull: Jones, Rachael M
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              M: 08
              Text: Aug2019
              Type: published
              Y: 2019
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            – TitleFull: Annals of Work Exposures & Health
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