The Voltammetric Detection of Cadaverine Using a Diamine Oxidase and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Functionalised Electrochemical Biosensor.

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Title: The Voltammetric Detection of Cadaverine Using a Diamine Oxidase and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Functionalised Electrochemical Biosensor.
Authors: Amin, Mohsin1 (AUTHOR), Abdullah, Badr M.1 (AUTHOR), Wylie, Stephen R.1 (AUTHOR), Rowley-Neale, Samuel J.2 (AUTHOR), Banks, Craig E.2 (AUTHOR), Whitehead, Kathryn A.3 (AUTHOR) k.a.whitehead@mmu.ac.uk
Source: Nanomaterials (2079-4991). Jan2023, Vol. 13 Issue 1, p36. 14p.
Subjects: Great Britain. National Health Service, Biosensors, Carbon nanotubes, Technology assessment, Artificial saliva, Cyclic voltammetry, Multiwalled carbon nanotubes, Periodontal disease
Abstract: Cadaverine is a biomolecule of major healthcare importance in periodontal disease; however, current detection methods remain inefficient. The development of an enzyme biosensor for the detection of cadaverine may provide a cheap, rapid, point-of-care alternative to traditional measurement techniques. This work developed a screen-printed biosensor (SPE) with a diamine oxidase (DAO) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) functionalised electrode which enabled the detection of cadaverine via cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The MWCNTs were functionalised with DAO using carbodiimide crosslinking with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), followed by direct covalent conjugation of the enzyme to amide bonds. Cyclic voltammetry results demonstrated a pair of distinct redox peaks for cadaverine with the C-MWCNT/DAO/EDC-NHS/GA SPE and no redox peaks using unmodified SPEs. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used to isolate the cadaverine oxidation peak and a linear concentration dependence was identified in the range of 3–150 µg/mL. The limit of detection of cadaverine using the C-MWCNT/DAO/EDC-NHS/GA SPE was 0.8 μg/mL, and the biosensor was also found to be effective when tested in artificial saliva which was used as a proof-of-concept model to increase the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of this device. Thus, the development of a MWCNT based enzymatic biosensor for the voltammetric detection of cadaverine which was also active in the presence of artificial saliva was presented in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: The Voltammetric Detection of Cadaverine Using a Diamine Oxidase and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Functionalised Electrochemical Biosensor.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Amin%2C+Mohsin%22">Amin, Mohsin</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Abdullah%2C+Badr+M%2E%22">Abdullah, Badr M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wylie%2C+Stephen+R%2E%22">Wylie, Stephen R.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rowley-Neale%2C+Samuel+J%2E%22">Rowley-Neale, Samuel J.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Banks%2C+Craig+E%2E%22">Banks, Craig E.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Whitehead%2C+Kathryn+A%2E%22">Whitehead, Kathryn A.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> k.a.whitehead@mmu.ac.uk</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Great+Britain%2E+National+Health+Service%22">Great Britain. National Health Service</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biosensors%22">Biosensors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Carbon+nanotubes%22">Carbon nanotubes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Technology+assessment%22">Technology assessment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Artificial+saliva%22">Artificial saliva</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cyclic+voltammetry%22">Cyclic voltammetry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Multiwalled+carbon+nanotubes%22">Multiwalled carbon nanotubes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Periodontal+disease%22">Periodontal disease</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Cadaverine is a biomolecule of major healthcare importance in periodontal disease; however, current detection methods remain inefficient. The development of an enzyme biosensor for the detection of cadaverine may provide a cheap, rapid, point-of-care alternative to traditional measurement techniques. This work developed a screen-printed biosensor (SPE) with a diamine oxidase (DAO) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) functionalised electrode which enabled the detection of cadaverine via cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The MWCNTs were functionalised with DAO using carbodiimide crosslinking with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), followed by direct covalent conjugation of the enzyme to amide bonds. Cyclic voltammetry results demonstrated a pair of distinct redox peaks for cadaverine with the C-MWCNT/DAO/EDC-NHS/GA SPE and no redox peaks using unmodified SPEs. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used to isolate the cadaverine oxidation peak and a linear concentration dependence was identified in the range of 3–150 µg/mL. The limit of detection of cadaverine using the C-MWCNT/DAO/EDC-NHS/GA SPE was 0.8 μg/mL, and the biosensor was also found to be effective when tested in artificial saliva which was used as a proof-of-concept model to increase the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of this device. Thus, the development of a MWCNT based enzymatic biosensor for the voltammetric detection of cadaverine which was also active in the presence of artificial saliva was presented in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3390/nano13010036
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 36
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Great Britain. National Health Service
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Biosensors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Carbon nanotubes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Technology assessment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Artificial saliva
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cyclic voltammetry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Multiwalled carbon nanotubes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Periodontal disease
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: The Voltammetric Detection of Cadaverine Using a Diamine Oxidase and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Functionalised Electrochemical Biosensor.
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            NameFull: Amin, Mohsin
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            NameFull: Banks, Craig E.
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            – D: 01
              M: 01
              Text: Jan2023
              Type: published
              Y: 2023
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