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Complementary Methods for the Assessment of the Porosity of Laser Additive-Manufactured Titanium Alloy.

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Title: Complementary Methods for the Assessment of the Porosity of Laser Additive-Manufactured Titanium Alloy.
Authors: Petrișor, Silviu Mihai1 (AUTHOR) silviumihai_petrisor@yahoo.com, Savin, Adriana2,3 (AUTHOR) asavin@phys-iasi.ro, Stanciu, Mariana Domnica3 (AUTHOR) asavin@phys-iasi.ro, Prevorovsky, Zdenek4 (AUTHOR) zp@it.cas.cz, Soare, Marian5 (AUTHOR) soare.marian@nuclear-ndt.ro, Nový, František6 (AUTHOR) frantisek.novy@fstroj.uniza.sk, Steigmann, Rozina2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Materials (1996-1944). Oct2023, Vol. 16 Issue 19, p6383. 14p.
Subjects: Artificial intelligence, Text files, Elastic waves, Nondestructive testing, Laser fusion, Titanium alloys
Abstract: The method of making parts through additive manufacturing (AM) is becoming more and more widespread due to the possibility of the direct manufacturing of components with complex geometries. However, the technology's capacity is limited by the appearance of micro-cracks/discontinuities during the layer-by-layer thermal process. The ultrasonic (US) method is often applied to detect and estimate the location and size of discontinuities in the metallic parts obtained by AM as well as to identify local deterioration in structures. The Ti6Al4V (Ti64) alloy prepared by AM needed to acquire a high-quality densification if remarkable mechanical properties were to be pursued. Ultrasonic instruments employ a different type of scanning for the studied samples, resulting in extremely detailed images comparable to X-rays. Automated non-destructive testing with special algorithms is widely used in the industry today. In general, this means that there is a trend towards automation and data sharing in various technological and production sectors, including the use of intelligent systems at the initial stage of production that can exclude defective construction materials, prevent the spread of defective products, and identify the causes of certain instances of damage. Placing the non-destructive testing on a completely new basis will create the possibility for a broader analysis of the primary data and thus will contribute to the improvement of both inspection reliability and consistency of the results. The paper aims to present the C-scan method, using ultrasonic images in amplitude or time-of-flight to emphasize discontinuities of Ti64 samples realized by laser powder-bed fusion (L-PBF) technology. The analysis of US maps offers the possibility of information correlation, mainly as to flaws in certain areas, as well as distribution of a specific flaw in the volume of the sample (flaws and pores). Final users can import C-scan results as ASCII files for further processing and comparison with other methods of analysis (e.g., non-linear elastic wave spectroscopy (NEWS), multi-frequency eddy current, and computer tomography), leading to specific results. The precision of the flight time measurement ensures the possibility of estimating the types of discontinuities, including volumetric ones, offering immediate results of the inspection. In situ monitoring allows the detection, characterization, and prediction of defects, which is suitable for robotics. Detailing the level of discontinuities at a certain location is extremely valuable for making maintenance and management decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Complementary Methods for the Assessment of the Porosity of Laser Additive-Manufactured Titanium Alloy.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Petrișor%2C+Silviu+Mihai%22">Petrișor, Silviu Mihai</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> silviumihai_petrisor@yahoo.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Savin%2C+Adriana%22">Savin, Adriana</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> asavin@phys-iasi.ro</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Stanciu%2C+Mariana+Domnica%22">Stanciu, Mariana Domnica</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> asavin@phys-iasi.ro</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Prevorovsky%2C+Zdenek%22">Prevorovsky, Zdenek</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> zp@it.cas.cz</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Soare%2C+Marian%22">Soare, Marian</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> soare.marian@nuclear-ndt.ro</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nový%2C+František%22">Nový, František</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> frantisek.novy@fstroj.uniza.sk</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Steigmann%2C+Rozina%22">Steigmann, Rozina</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Materials+%281996-1944%29%22">Materials (1996-1944)</searchLink>. Oct2023, Vol. 16 Issue 19, p6383. 14p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Artificial+intelligence%22">Artificial intelligence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Text+files%22">Text files</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Elastic+waves%22">Elastic waves</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nondestructive+testing%22">Nondestructive testing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Laser+fusion%22">Laser fusion</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Titanium+alloys%22">Titanium alloys</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The method of making parts through additive manufacturing (AM) is becoming more and more widespread due to the possibility of the direct manufacturing of components with complex geometries. However, the technology's capacity is limited by the appearance of micro-cracks/discontinuities during the layer-by-layer thermal process. The ultrasonic (US) method is often applied to detect and estimate the location and size of discontinuities in the metallic parts obtained by AM as well as to identify local deterioration in structures. The Ti6Al4V (Ti64) alloy prepared by AM needed to acquire a high-quality densification if remarkable mechanical properties were to be pursued. Ultrasonic instruments employ a different type of scanning for the studied samples, resulting in extremely detailed images comparable to X-rays. Automated non-destructive testing with special algorithms is widely used in the industry today. In general, this means that there is a trend towards automation and data sharing in various technological and production sectors, including the use of intelligent systems at the initial stage of production that can exclude defective construction materials, prevent the spread of defective products, and identify the causes of certain instances of damage. Placing the non-destructive testing on a completely new basis will create the possibility for a broader analysis of the primary data and thus will contribute to the improvement of both inspection reliability and consistency of the results. The paper aims to present the C-scan method, using ultrasonic images in amplitude or time-of-flight to emphasize discontinuities of Ti64 samples realized by laser powder-bed fusion (L-PBF) technology. The analysis of US maps offers the possibility of information correlation, mainly as to flaws in certain areas, as well as distribution of a specific flaw in the volume of the sample (flaws and pores). Final users can import C-scan results as ASCII files for further processing and comparison with other methods of analysis (e.g., non-linear elastic wave spectroscopy (NEWS), multi-frequency eddy current, and computer tomography), leading to specific results. The precision of the flight time measurement ensures the possibility of estimating the types of discontinuities, including volumetric ones, offering immediate results of the inspection. In situ monitoring allows the detection, characterization, and prediction of defects, which is suitable for robotics. Detailing the level of discontinuities at a certain location is extremely valuable for making maintenance and management decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3390/ma16196383
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 6383
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Artificial intelligence
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Text files
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Elastic waves
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nondestructive testing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Laser fusion
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Titanium alloys
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    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Complementary Methods for the Assessment of the Porosity of Laser Additive-Manufactured Titanium Alloy.
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            NameFull: Soare, Marian
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            – D: 01
              M: 10
              Text: Oct2023
              Type: published
              Y: 2023
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