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Vestiges of impact-driven three-phase mixing in the chemistry and structure of Earth’s mantle.

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Title: Vestiges of impact-driven three-phase mixing in the chemistry and structure of Earth’s mantle.
Authors: Korenaga, Jun1 jun.korenaga@yale.edu, Marchi, Simone2 marchi@boulder.swri.edu
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 10/24/2023, Vol. 120 Issue 43, p1-10. 17p.
Subjects: Earth's mantle, Earth's core, Liquid metals, Siderophile elements, Gravitational instability
Abstract: Highly siderophile elements (HSEs; namely Ru, Rh, Pd, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, and Au) in Earth’s mantle require the addition of metals after the formation of Earth’s core. Early, large collisions have the potential to deliver metals, but the details of their mixing with Earth’s mantle remain unresolved. As a large projectile disrupts and penetrates Earth’s mantle, a fraction of its metallic core may directly merge with Earth’s core. Ensuing gravitational instabilities remove the remaining projectile’s core stranded in Earth’s mantle, leaving the latter deprived of HSEs. Here, we propose a framework that can efficiently retain the metallic components during large impacts. The mechanism is based on the ubiquitous presence of a partially molten region in the mantle beneath an impact-generated magma ocean, and it involves rapid three-phase flow with solid silicate, molten silicate, and liquid metal as well as long-term mixing by mantle convection. In addition, large low-shear-velocity provinces in the lower mantle may originate from compositional heterogeneities resulting from the proposed three-phase flow during high-energy collisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Vestiges of impact-driven three-phase mixing in the chemistry and structure of Earth’s mantle.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Earth's+mantle%22">Earth's mantle</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Earth's+core%22">Earth's core</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Liquid+metals%22">Liquid metals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Siderophile+elements%22">Siderophile elements</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gravitational+instability%22">Gravitational instability</searchLink>
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  Data: Highly siderophile elements (HSEs; namely Ru, Rh, Pd, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, and Au) in Earth’s mantle require the addition of metals after the formation of Earth’s core. Early, large collisions have the potential to deliver metals, but the details of their mixing with Earth’s mantle remain unresolved. As a large projectile disrupts and penetrates Earth’s mantle, a fraction of its metallic core may directly merge with Earth’s core. Ensuing gravitational instabilities remove the remaining projectile’s core stranded in Earth’s mantle, leaving the latter deprived of HSEs. Here, we propose a framework that can efficiently retain the metallic components during large impacts. The mechanism is based on the ubiquitous presence of a partially molten region in the mantle beneath an impact-generated magma ocean, and it involves rapid three-phase flow with solid silicate, molten silicate, and liquid metal as well as long-term mixing by mantle convection. In addition, large low-shear-velocity provinces in the lower mantle may originate from compositional heterogeneities resulting from the proposed three-phase flow during high-energy collisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1073/pnas.2309181120
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 17
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      – SubjectFull: Earth's mantle
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Earth's core
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Liquid metals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Siderophile elements
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      – SubjectFull: Gravitational instability
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      – TitleFull: Vestiges of impact-driven three-phase mixing in the chemistry and structure of Earth’s mantle.
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              Text: 10/24/2023
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              Y: 2023
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