APA (7th ed.) Citation

Liu, M. (2024). Optical pattern recognition image preprocessing based on hybrid cluster intelligent algorithm. Optical & Quantum Electronics, 56(4), 1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-05910-6

Chicago Style (17th ed.) Citation

Liu, Manjun. "Optical Pattern Recognition Image Preprocessing Based on Hybrid Cluster Intelligent Algorithm." Optical & Quantum Electronics 56, no. 4 (2024): 1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-05910-6.

MLA (9th ed.) Citation

Liu, Manjun. "Optical Pattern Recognition Image Preprocessing Based on Hybrid Cluster Intelligent Algorithm." Optical & Quantum Electronics, vol. 56, no. 4, 2024, p. 1, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-05910-6.