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A neural network for religious fundamentalism derived from patients with brain lesions.

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Title: A neural network for religious fundamentalism derived from patients with brain lesions.
Authors: Ferguson, Michael A.1,2 mferguson@bwh.harvard.edu, Asp, Erik W.3,4,5, Kletenik, Isaiah1,2, Tranel, Daniel3,6, Boes, Aaron D.3,7,8, Nelson, Jenae M.9, Schaper, Frederic L. W. V. J.1,2, Siddiqi, Shan1,10, Turner, Joseph I.1, Anderson, J. Seth11, Nielsen, Jared A.12, Bateman, James R.13,14, Grafman, Jordan15,16,17,18 jgrafman@northwestern.edu, Fox, Michael D.1,2,10
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 9/3/2024, Vol. 121 Issue 36, p1-8. 26p.
Subjects: Brain damage, Religious fundamentalism, Large-scale brain networks, Parietal lobe, Criminal behavior
Abstract: Religious fundamentalism, characterized by rigid adherence to a set of beliefs putatively revealing inerrant truths, is ubiquitous across cultures and has a global impact on society. Understanding the psychological and neurobiological processes producing religious fundamentalism may inform a variety of scientific, sociological, and cultural questions. Research indicates that brain damage can alter religious fundamentalism. However, the precise brain regions involved with these changes remain unknown. Here, we analyzed brain lesions associated with varying levels of religious fundamentalism in two large datasets from independent laboratories. Lesions associated with greater fundamentalism were connected to a specific brain network with nodes in the right orbitofrontal, dorsolateral prefrontal, and inferior parietal lobe. This fundamentalism network was strongly right hemisphere lateralized and highly reproducible across the independent datasets (r = 0.82) with cross-validations between datasets. To explore the relationship of this network to lesions previously studied by our group, we tested for similarities to twenty-one lesion-associated conditions. Lesions associated with confabulation and criminal behavior showed a similar connectivity pattern as lesions associated with greater fundamentalism. Moreover, lesions associated with poststroke pain showed a similar connectivity pattern as lesions associated with lower fundamentalism. These findings are consistent with the current understanding of hemispheric specializations for reasoning and lend insight into previously observed epidemiological associations with fundamentalism, such as cognitive rigidity and outgroup hostility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: A neural network for religious fundamentalism derived from patients with brain lesions.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ferguson%2C+Michael+A%2E%22">Ferguson, Michael A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><i> mferguson@bwh.harvard.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Asp%2C+Erik+W%2E%22">Asp, Erik W.</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4,5</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kletenik%2C+Isaiah%22">Kletenik, Isaiah</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tranel%2C+Daniel%22">Tranel, Daniel</searchLink><relatesTo>3,6</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Boes%2C+Aaron+D%2E%22">Boes, Aaron D.</searchLink><relatesTo>3,7,8</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nelson%2C+Jenae+M%2E%22">Nelson, Jenae M.</searchLink><relatesTo>9</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schaper%2C+Frederic+L%2E+W%2E+V%2E+J%2E%22">Schaper, Frederic L. W. V. J.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Siddiqi%2C+Shan%22">Siddiqi, Shan</searchLink><relatesTo>1,10</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Turner%2C+Joseph+I%2E%22">Turner, Joseph I.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Anderson%2C+J%2E+Seth%22">Anderson, J. Seth</searchLink><relatesTo>11</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nielsen%2C+Jared+A%2E%22">Nielsen, Jared A.</searchLink><relatesTo>12</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bateman%2C+James+R%2E%22">Bateman, James R.</searchLink><relatesTo>13,14</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Grafman%2C+Jordan%22">Grafman, Jordan</searchLink><relatesTo>15,16,17,18</relatesTo><i> jgrafman@northwestern.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fox%2C+Michael+D%2E%22">Fox, Michael D.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,10</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Brain+damage%22">Brain damage</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Religious+fundamentalism%22">Religious fundamentalism</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Large-scale+brain+networks%22">Large-scale brain networks</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Parietal+lobe%22">Parietal lobe</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Criminal+behavior%22">Criminal behavior</searchLink>
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  Data: Religious fundamentalism, characterized by rigid adherence to a set of beliefs putatively revealing inerrant truths, is ubiquitous across cultures and has a global impact on society. Understanding the psychological and neurobiological processes producing religious fundamentalism may inform a variety of scientific, sociological, and cultural questions. Research indicates that brain damage can alter religious fundamentalism. However, the precise brain regions involved with these changes remain unknown. Here, we analyzed brain lesions associated with varying levels of religious fundamentalism in two large datasets from independent laboratories. Lesions associated with greater fundamentalism were connected to a specific brain network with nodes in the right orbitofrontal, dorsolateral prefrontal, and inferior parietal lobe. This fundamentalism network was strongly right hemisphere lateralized and highly reproducible across the independent datasets (r = 0.82) with cross-validations between datasets. To explore the relationship of this network to lesions previously studied by our group, we tested for similarities to twenty-one lesion-associated conditions. Lesions associated with confabulation and criminal behavior showed a similar connectivity pattern as lesions associated with greater fundamentalism. Moreover, lesions associated with poststroke pain showed a similar connectivity pattern as lesions associated with lower fundamentalism. These findings are consistent with the current understanding of hemispheric specializations for reasoning and lend insight into previously observed epidemiological associations with fundamentalism, such as cognitive rigidity and outgroup hostility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1073/pnas.2322399121
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 26
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      – SubjectFull: Brain damage
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Religious fundamentalism
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      – SubjectFull: Large-scale brain networks
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      – SubjectFull: Parietal lobe
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              Text: 9/3/2024
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