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High‐contrast QPSK pattern recognition device consisting of a 4×$\times$4 MMI coupler.

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Title: High‐contrast QPSK pattern recognition device consisting of a 4×$\times$4 MMI coupler.
Authors: Aikawa, Yohei1 (AUTHOR) aikawa.y.aa@m.titech.ac.jp, Uenohara, Hiroyuki1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Electronics Letters (Wiley-Blackwell). Nov2024, Vol. 60 Issue 21, p1-4. 4p.
Subjects: Optical pattern recognition, Optical waveguides, Data security, Waveguides, Computer simulation
Abstract: Pattern recognition of optical label is utilized not only in packet switches but also in the field of data security due to its wide range of applications. In particular, pattern recognition using waveguide devices is highly valued because it eliminates the need for encoder processing. However, existing methods suffer from the problem of degraded contrast ratio because half of the input power are emitted from non‐target waveguides. In this article, a method is proposed to improve the contrast ratio employing a 4×$\times$4 multi‐mode interference (MMI) coupler with multiple input signals. The theoretical results reveal that the proposed method improves the contrast ratio from 3.0 dB to 9.5 dB and ∞$\infty$ dB for the three‐input and four‐input cases, respectively, for quadrature phase‐shift keying (QPSK)‐modulated signal. Furthermore, numerical simulation was performed through the three dimension finite‐difference time‐domain (3D‐FDTD) method, and the proposed scheme successfully discriminated each QPSK pattern. The power value |E|2$|E|^2$ at all ports closely matches the theoretical value, and the ratios of 9.5 dB and >$>$30.0 dB are numerically obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Electronics Letters (Wiley-Blackwell) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 180736899
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: High‐contrast QPSK pattern recognition device consisting of a 4×$\times$4 MMI coupler.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Aikawa%2C+Yohei%22">Aikawa, Yohei</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> aikawa.y.aa@m.titech.ac.jp</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Uenohara%2C+Hiroyuki%22">Uenohara, Hiroyuki</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Electronics+Letters+%28Wiley-Blackwell%29%22">Electronics Letters (Wiley-Blackwell)</searchLink>. Nov2024, Vol. 60 Issue 21, p1-4. 4p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Optical+pattern+recognition%22">Optical pattern recognition</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Optical+waveguides%22">Optical waveguides</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+security%22">Data security</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Waveguides%22">Waveguides</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computer+simulation%22">Computer simulation</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Pattern recognition of optical label is utilized not only in packet switches but also in the field of data security due to its wide range of applications. In particular, pattern recognition using waveguide devices is highly valued because it eliminates the need for encoder processing. However, existing methods suffer from the problem of degraded contrast ratio because half of the input power are emitted from non‐target waveguides. In this article, a method is proposed to improve the contrast ratio employing a 4×$\times$4 multi‐mode interference (MMI) coupler with multiple input signals. The theoretical results reveal that the proposed method improves the contrast ratio from 3.0 dB to 9.5 dB and ∞$\infty$ dB for the three‐input and four‐input cases, respectively, for quadrature phase‐shift keying (QPSK)‐modulated signal. Furthermore, numerical simulation was performed through the three dimension finite‐difference time‐domain (3D‐FDTD) method, and the proposed scheme successfully discriminated each QPSK pattern. The power value |E|2$|E|^2$ at all ports closely matches the theoretical value, and the ratios of 9.5 dB and >$>$30.0 dB are numerically obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Electronics Letters (Wiley-Blackwell) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1049/ell2.70002
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 4
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Optical pattern recognition
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Optical waveguides
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data security
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Waveguides
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Computer simulation
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: High‐contrast QPSK pattern recognition device consisting of a 4×$\times$4 MMI coupler.
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              Text: Nov2024
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              Y: 2024
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