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Shallow crustal rupture in a major MW 7.5 earthquake above a deep crustal seismic swarm along the Noto Peninsula in western Japan.

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Title: Shallow crustal rupture in a major MW 7.5 earthquake above a deep crustal seismic swarm along the Noto Peninsula in western Japan.
Authors: Liu, Chengli1 (AUTHOR) liuchengli@cug.edu.cn, Bai, Yefei1,2,3 (AUTHOR) yfbai@zju.edu.cn, Lay, Thorne4 (AUTHOR), He, Ping1 (AUTHOR), Wen, Yangmao5 (AUTHOR), Wei, Xiaoran2 (AUTHOR), Xiong, Neng6 (AUTHOR), Xiong, Xiong1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Earth & Planetary Science Letters. Dec2024, Vol. 648, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Properties of fluids, Earthquake swarms, Earthquakes, Synovial fluid, Peninsulas, Surface fault ruptures
Abstract: • Unusual large shallow crustal faulting occurred above a deep, long-duration seismic swarm along the Noto Peninsula. • The 2024 M W 7.5 earthquake is the largest recorded along the Noto Peninsula, had a slow initial rupture expansion. • Weak initial seismic energy indicates a gradual nucleation process, possibly influenced by deeper fluid accumulation. • A dominant deep large-slip patch and a weaker shallow slip suggests non-uniform fault properties and fluid migration effects on fault weakening. A damaging M W 7.5 earthquake struck the western coast of Japan along the Noto Peninsula on January 1, 2024. The initiation of large shallow earthquakes along the Noto Peninsula, particularly above deeper long-duration patchy seismic swarms, presents an unusual seismic phenomenon that warrants in-depth investigation of their interactions. The 2024 earthquake nucleated with an initial low average rupture velocity of 0.5–1.0 km s-1 near the up-dip end of a long-lasting seismic swarm that commenced in November 2020. Analysis of dense seismic, geodetic, and tsunami observations provides good resolution of large shallow slip in the crust below the peninsula and extending offshore to the northeast, revealing a heterogeneous slip distribution characterized by bilateral two-stage rupture expansion during the faulting. Up to 8 m of slip occurred in several patches along ∼150 km of the southeastward-dipping thrust fault, which extends to near the seafloor along the northwest side of the peninsula. Up to 5 m of uplift occurred along the peninsula's northwestern coast. Up-dip fluid migration appears to have weakened the shallow fault prior to failure and influenced the initial slow rupture expansion, highlighting the need to monitor the evolution of worldwide swarms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Earth & Planetary Science Letters is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
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  Data: Shallow crustal rupture in a major MW 7.5 earthquake above a deep crustal seismic swarm along the Noto Peninsula in western Japan.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Chengli%22">Liu, Chengli</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> liuchengli@cug.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bai%2C+Yefei%22">Bai, Yefei</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> yfbai@zju.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lay%2C+Thorne%22">Lay, Thorne</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22He%2C+Ping%22">He, Ping</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wen%2C+Yangmao%22">Wen, Yangmao</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wei%2C+Xiaoran%22">Wei, Xiaoran</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xiong%2C+Neng%22">Xiong, Neng</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xiong%2C+Xiong%22">Xiong, Xiong</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Earth+%26+Planetary+Science+Letters%22">Earth & Planetary Science Letters</searchLink>. Dec2024, Vol. 648, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
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– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: • Unusual large shallow crustal faulting occurred above a deep, long-duration seismic swarm along the Noto Peninsula. • The 2024 M W 7.5 earthquake is the largest recorded along the Noto Peninsula, had a slow initial rupture expansion. • Weak initial seismic energy indicates a gradual nucleation process, possibly influenced by deeper fluid accumulation. • A dominant deep large-slip patch and a weaker shallow slip suggests non-uniform fault properties and fluid migration effects on fault weakening. A damaging M W 7.5 earthquake struck the western coast of Japan along the Noto Peninsula on January 1, 2024. The initiation of large shallow earthquakes along the Noto Peninsula, particularly above deeper long-duration patchy seismic swarms, presents an unusual seismic phenomenon that warrants in-depth investigation of their interactions. The 2024 earthquake nucleated with an initial low average rupture velocity of 0.5–1.0 km s-1 near the up-dip end of a long-lasting seismic swarm that commenced in November 2020. Analysis of dense seismic, geodetic, and tsunami observations provides good resolution of large shallow slip in the crust below the peninsula and extending offshore to the northeast, revealing a heterogeneous slip distribution characterized by bilateral two-stage rupture expansion during the faulting. Up to 8 m of slip occurred in several patches along ∼150 km of the southeastward-dipping thrust fault, which extends to near the seafloor along the northwest side of the peninsula. Up to 5 m of uplift occurred along the peninsula's northwestern coast. Up-dip fluid migration appears to have weakened the shallow fault prior to failure and influenced the initial slow rupture expansion, highlighting the need to monitor the evolution of worldwide swarms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Earth & Planetary Science Letters is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1016/j.epsl.2024.119107
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Properties of fluids
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      – SubjectFull: Earthquake swarms
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Earthquakes
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      – SubjectFull: Synovial fluid
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      – SubjectFull: Peninsulas
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      – SubjectFull: Surface fault ruptures
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              Text: Dec2024
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