Optimization of Metal Injection Molding Processing Conditions for Reducing Black Lines and Meld Lines in Bone Plates.
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| Title: | Optimization of Metal Injection Molding Processing Conditions for Reducing Black Lines and Meld Lines in Bone Plates. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Lin, Chao-Ming1 (AUTHOR) cmlin@mail.ncyu.edu.tw, Yen, Po-Yu1 (AUTHOR), Tan, Chung-Ming2 (AUTHOR) cmtan@wfu.edu.tw |
| Source: | Polymers (20734360). Dec2024, Vol. 16 Issue 23, p3241. 24p. |
| Subjects: | Injection molding of metals, Grey relational analysis, Multi-objective optimization, Fracture healing, Taguchi methods |
| Abstract: | The bone plates used in surgery to assist in fracture healing are often manufactured by metal injection molding (MIM) using a feedstock material consisting of metal powder and polymer binder. However, if the local powder concentration is too low or uneven, black lines may be formed, which impair the product appearance. Furthermore, if the melding temperature is too low, it can lead to meld lines and reduced mechanical properties. Accordingly, this study combines mold flow analysis simulations with the single-objective Taguchi robust design method to determine the MIM processing conditions that optimize the powder concentration and melding temperature. Grey relational analysis (GRA) is then used to establish the processing conditions that simultaneously optimize both MIM objectives. It is found that the processing conditions determined through GRA provide a significant improvement over the original design; however, the experimental outcomes are poorer than those achieved through the single-objective Taguchi experiments since the melt temperature effect suppresses that of all the other processing conditions. Consequently, a robust multi-criteria optimization (RMCO) technique is employed to improve the optimization outcome by identifying the dominant factors in the MIM process and fixing them at optimal levels to redesign the Taguchi experiments to optimize the non-primary factors. It is shown that the RMCO method eliminates interference between the multiple factors and hence provides an improved multi-objective optimization outcome. Overall, the integrated framework proposed in this study advances the optimization of the MIM process for bone plates and leads to improved product quality and performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 181658381 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Optimization of Metal Injection Molding Processing Conditions for Reducing Black Lines and Meld Lines in Bone Plates. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lin%2C+Chao-Ming%22">Lin, Chao-Ming</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> cmlin@mail.ncyu.edu.tw</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yen%2C+Po-Yu%22">Yen, Po-Yu</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tan%2C+Chung-Ming%22">Tan, Chung-Ming</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> cmtan@wfu.edu.tw</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Polymers+%2820734360%29%22">Polymers (20734360)</searchLink>. Dec2024, Vol. 16 Issue 23, p3241. 24p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Injection+molding+of+metals%22">Injection molding of metals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grey+relational+analysis%22">Grey relational analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Multi-objective+optimization%22">Multi-objective optimization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fracture+healing%22">Fracture healing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Taguchi+methods%22">Taguchi methods</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: The bone plates used in surgery to assist in fracture healing are often manufactured by metal injection molding (MIM) using a feedstock material consisting of metal powder and polymer binder. However, if the local powder concentration is too low or uneven, black lines may be formed, which impair the product appearance. Furthermore, if the melding temperature is too low, it can lead to meld lines and reduced mechanical properties. Accordingly, this study combines mold flow analysis simulations with the single-objective Taguchi robust design method to determine the MIM processing conditions that optimize the powder concentration and melding temperature. Grey relational analysis (GRA) is then used to establish the processing conditions that simultaneously optimize both MIM objectives. It is found that the processing conditions determined through GRA provide a significant improvement over the original design; however, the experimental outcomes are poorer than those achieved through the single-objective Taguchi experiments since the melt temperature effect suppresses that of all the other processing conditions. Consequently, a robust multi-criteria optimization (RMCO) technique is employed to improve the optimization outcome by identifying the dominant factors in the MIM process and fixing them at optimal levels to redesign the Taguchi experiments to optimize the non-primary factors. It is shown that the RMCO method eliminates interference between the multiple factors and hence provides an improved multi-objective optimization outcome. Overall, the integrated framework proposed in this study advances the optimization of the MIM process for bone plates and leads to improved product quality and performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.3390/polym16233241 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 24 StartPage: 3241 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Injection molding of metals Type: general – SubjectFull: Grey relational analysis Type: general – SubjectFull: Multi-objective optimization Type: general – SubjectFull: Fracture healing Type: general – SubjectFull: Taguchi methods Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Optimization of Metal Injection Molding Processing Conditions for Reducing Black Lines and Meld Lines in Bone Plates. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Lin, Chao-Ming – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Yen, Po-Yu – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Tan, Chung-Ming IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 12 Text: Dec2024 Type: published Y: 2024 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 20734360 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 16 – Type: issue Value: 23 Titles: – TitleFull: Polymers (20734360) Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
