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Estimating the extent of urchin barrens and kelp forest loss in northeastern Aotearoa, New Zealand.

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Title: Estimating the extent of urchin barrens and kelp forest loss in northeastern Aotearoa, New Zealand.
Authors: Kerr, Vince C.1 (AUTHOR) vince@kerrandassociates.co.nz, Grace, Roger V.1 (AUTHOR), Shears, Nick T.2 (AUTHOR)
Source: New Zealand Journal of Marine & Freshwater Research. Jun2025, Vol. 59 Issue 2, p441-462. 22p.
Subjects: Protected areas, Marine parks & reserves, Marine habitats, Marine resources conservation, Fishing
Abstract: On shallow rocky reefs in northeastern Aotearoa, New Zealand, urchin barrens are indicators of the ecosystem effects of overfishing reef predators. Yet, information on their extent and variability is lacking. We use aerial imagery to map the urchin barrens and kelp forests on reefs (<30 m depth) across seven locations, including two long-established marine reserves and a marine protected area that allows recreational fishing. Urchin barrens were present in all locations and were restricted to reefs <10–16 m deep. Urchin barrens covered 30% (7–49%) of shallow reefs in fished areas, with variation among and within locations likely related to the relative extent and topography of reefs and wave exposure. Within the marine reserves, barrens covered <2% of shallow reefs. Long-term comparison of historical imagery at two fished locations demonstrates that current areas of urchin barrens were historically dominated by kelp forests, but barrens have persisted since at least the early 2000s. We estimate ∼30 km2 of barrens exist across the region. This demonstrates the widespread nature of barrens, the potential long-term effectiveness of no-take marine protection in restoring urchin barrens, and the need for a multifaceted management approach to restore kelp forests and prevent further expansion of barrens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Marine & Freshwater Research is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 184106654
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Estimating the extent of urchin barrens and kelp forest loss in northeastern Aotearoa, New Zealand.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Kerr%2C+Vince+C%2E%22&quot;&gt;Kerr, Vince C.&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; vince@kerrandassociates.co.nz&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Grace%2C+Roger+V%2E%22&quot;&gt;Grace, Roger V.&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Shears%2C+Nick+T%2E%22&quot;&gt;Shears, Nick T.&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;2&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)
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  Data: On shallow rocky reefs in northeastern Aotearoa, New Zealand, urchin barrens are indicators of the ecosystem effects of overfishing reef predators. Yet, information on their extent and variability is lacking. We use aerial imagery to map the urchin barrens and kelp forests on reefs (&lt;30 m depth) across seven locations, including two long-established marine reserves and a marine protected area that allows recreational fishing. Urchin barrens were present in all locations and were restricted to reefs &lt;10–16 m deep. Urchin barrens covered 30% (7–49%) of shallow reefs in fished areas, with variation among and within locations likely related to the relative extent and topography of reefs and wave exposure. Within the marine reserves, barrens covered &lt;2% of shallow reefs. Long-term comparison of historical imagery at two fished locations demonstrates that current areas of urchin barrens were historically dominated by kelp forests, but barrens have persisted since at least the early 2000s. We estimate ∼30 km2 of barrens exist across the region. This demonstrates the widespread nature of barrens, the potential long-term effectiveness of no-take marine protection in restoring urchin barrens, and the need for a multifaceted management approach to restore kelp forests and prevent further expansion of barrens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Marine &amp; Freshwater Research is the property of Taylor &amp; Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/00288330.2024.2336081
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 22
        StartPage: 441
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Protected areas
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Marine parks & reserves
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Marine habitats
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Marine resources conservation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fishing
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Estimating the extent of urchin barrens and kelp forest loss in northeastern Aotearoa, New Zealand.
        Type: main
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            NameFull: Kerr, Vince C.
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            NameFull: Grace, Roger V.
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            NameFull: Shears, Nick T.
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            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 59
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            – TitleFull: New Zealand Journal of Marine & Freshwater Research
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