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Design and characterization of a compact Einzel lens for portable quadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS).

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Title: Design and characterization of a compact Einzel lens for portable quadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS).
Authors: Mehta, Khushbu1,2 (AUTHOR), Minhas, Ashudeep1 (AUTHOR), Kaur, Maninder1 (AUTHOR), Kumar, Amit1,2 (AUTHOR), Rangra, Kamaljit3 (AUTHOR), Bansal, Deepak1,2 (AUTHOR) deepak@ceeri.res.in
Source: Instrumentation Science & Technology. 2025, Vol. 53 Issue 3, p351-362. 12p.
Subjects: Field-effect transistors, Focal length, Ion sources, Gas detectors, Mass spectrometry
Abstract: Quadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS) offers better resolution, selectivity and sensitivity than the metal-oxide, field effect transistors and thermal-based gas sensors. However, existing QMS systems are unsuitable for field applications. The miniaturized QMS requires dimensionally scaled components with comparable performance to the conventional bulky systems. For a portable quadrupole mass spectrometry, a compact focusing ion system is required to transfer the maximum number of ions from the ion source to the filter. The present paper discusses the design of a miniature focusing Einzel lens and the effect of design parameters on its performance. The three-cylindrical axially symmetric compact Einzel lens assembly was designed using commercially available software. The relationship between the design parameters is explored for compact and low-powered ion optics. The beam focal length was tuned by varying the bias voltage. The dimensions, as well as voltages across the Einzel lens, were reduced significantly to open a new way for portable point-of-care applications. At an applied voltage of 70 V, the focal length of the ions is 11 mm without being scattered, which is favorable for a portable quadrupole mass filter. The designed Einzel lens was fabricated using micromachining techniques and characterized at a vacuum of 3.05 × 10−4 mbar. The developed lens system shows a current output of 0.114 µA at 72 V lens voltage. A current of 94.8 µA is observed with a background noise of 0.01 µA for the system with nitrogen (28 amu) as the sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Instrumentation Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Design and characterization of a compact Einzel lens for portable quadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS).
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mehta%2C+Khushbu%22">Mehta, Khushbu</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Minhas%2C+Ashudeep%22">Minhas, Ashudeep</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kaur%2C+Maninder%22">Kaur, Maninder</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kumar%2C+Amit%22">Kumar, Amit</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rangra%2C+Kamaljit%22">Rangra, Kamaljit</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bansal%2C+Deepak%22">Bansal, Deepak</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> deepak@ceeri.res.in</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Instrumentation+Science+%26+Technology%22">Instrumentation Science & Technology</searchLink>. 2025, Vol. 53 Issue 3, p351-362. 12p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Field-effect+transistors%22">Field-effect transistors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Focal+length%22">Focal length</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ion+sources%22">Ion sources</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gas+detectors%22">Gas detectors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mass+spectrometry%22">Mass spectrometry</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Quadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS) offers better resolution, selectivity and sensitivity than the metal-oxide, field effect transistors and thermal-based gas sensors. However, existing QMS systems are unsuitable for field applications. The miniaturized QMS requires dimensionally scaled components with comparable performance to the conventional bulky systems. For a portable quadrupole mass spectrometry, a compact focusing ion system is required to transfer the maximum number of ions from the ion source to the filter. The present paper discusses the design of a miniature focusing Einzel lens and the effect of design parameters on its performance. The three-cylindrical axially symmetric compact Einzel lens assembly was designed using commercially available software. The relationship between the design parameters is explored for compact and low-powered ion optics. The beam focal length was tuned by varying the bias voltage. The dimensions, as well as voltages across the Einzel lens, were reduced significantly to open a new way for portable point-of-care applications. At an applied voltage of 70 V, the focal length of the ions is 11 mm without being scattered, which is favorable for a portable quadrupole mass filter. The designed Einzel lens was fabricated using micromachining techniques and characterized at a vacuum of 3.05 × 10−4 mbar. The developed lens system shows a current output of 0.114 µA at 72 V lens voltage. A current of 94.8 µA is observed with a background noise of 0.01 µA for the system with nitrogen (28 amu) as the sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Instrumentation Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1080/10739149.2024.2391522
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 12
        StartPage: 351
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Focal length
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      – SubjectFull: Ion sources
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      – SubjectFull: Gas detectors
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      – SubjectFull: Mass spectrometry
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      – TitleFull: Design and characterization of a compact Einzel lens for portable quadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS).
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            NameFull: Kaur, Maninder
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              Text: 2025
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