Physics-Based 2D Direction Finding of an Amplitude Modulated Signal Using a Uniform Triangular Array.
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| Title: | Physics-Based 2D Direction Finding of an Amplitude Modulated Signal Using a Uniform Triangular Array. |
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| Authors: | Kai Ren1 kai.ren@sdsmt.edu |
| Source: | Progress in Electromagnetics Research C. 2025, Vol. 155, p121-126. 6p. |
| Subjects: | Multiple Signal Classification, Antenna radiation patterns, Amplitude modulation, Antennas (Electronics), Azimuth |
| Abstract: | A uniform triangular array (UTA) is proposed for physics-based 2D direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimations of unknown incoming signals. Three capacitively loaded top-hat antennas are used as array elements. Unlike conventional array-based direction finding (DF) systems, complex antenna radiation patterns are used in array manifold calculations and DOA predictions, where coupling among array elements is naturally resolved. Both continuous wave (CW) signals and single tone signals with amplitude modulation (AM) are considered in DF simulations. Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) values are calculated to provide theoretical lower bounds of DF accuracies. Multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm is used to further demonstrate the DF performance of the triangular antenna array without any angle ambiguities within the field of view from 0 to 360 in the azimuth direction and from 1.25 to 178.75 in the elevation direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Progress in Electromagnetics Research C is the property of Electromagnetics Academy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
| FullText | Links: – Type: pdflink Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 185505415 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Physics-Based 2D Direction Finding of an Amplitude Modulated Signal Using a Uniform Triangular Array. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kai+Ren%22">Kai Ren</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> kai.ren@sdsmt.edu</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Progress+in+Electromagnetics+Research+C%22">Progress in Electromagnetics Research C</searchLink>. 2025, Vol. 155, p121-126. 6p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Multiple+Signal+Classification%22">Multiple Signal Classification</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Antenna+radiation+patterns%22">Antenna radiation patterns</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Amplitude+modulation%22">Amplitude modulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Antennas+%28Electronics%29%22">Antennas (Electronics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Azimuth%22">Azimuth</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: A uniform triangular array (UTA) is proposed for physics-based 2D direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimations of unknown incoming signals. Three capacitively loaded top-hat antennas are used as array elements. Unlike conventional array-based direction finding (DF) systems, complex antenna radiation patterns are used in array manifold calculations and DOA predictions, where coupling among array elements is naturally resolved. Both continuous wave (CW) signals and single tone signals with amplitude modulation (AM) are considered in DF simulations. Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) values are calculated to provide theoretical lower bounds of DF accuracies. Multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm is used to further demonstrate the DF performance of the triangular antenna array without any angle ambiguities within the field of view from 0 to 360 in the azimuth direction and from 1.25 to 178.75 in the elevation direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Progress in Electromagnetics Research C is the property of Electromagnetics Academy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.2528/PIERC25040202 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 6 StartPage: 121 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Multiple Signal Classification Type: general – SubjectFull: Antenna radiation patterns Type: general – SubjectFull: Amplitude modulation Type: general – SubjectFull: Antennas (Electronics) Type: general – SubjectFull: Azimuth Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Physics-Based 2D Direction Finding of an Amplitude Modulated Signal Using a Uniform Triangular Array. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Kai Ren IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 04 Text: 2025 Type: published Y: 2025 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 19378718 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 155 Titles: – TitleFull: Progress in Electromagnetics Research C Type: main |
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