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Adaptive primary frequency regulation method based on energy perspective for integrated unit-level wind storage systems.

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Title: Adaptive primary frequency regulation method based on energy perspective for integrated unit-level wind storage systems.
Authors: Duan, Jiandong1 (AUTHOR) duanjd@xaut.edu.cn, Ni, He1 (AUTHOR), Tao, Jiaxin1 (AUTHOR), Li, Zhifan1 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Yu1 (AUTHOR), Wang, Jianhua1 (AUTHOR)
Source: International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. Aug2025, Vol. 169, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Wind turbines, Energy storage, Wind power, Wind speed, Hybrid power
Abstract: • The deloading control strategy for wind turbines considering frequency deviation is proposed. • The hybrid energy storage control strategy is explored adaptively according to the energy of wind turbines. • The frequency regulation method for integrated unit-level wind storage systems outperforms in improving the frequency nadir. The integrated wind storage systems are widely believed to have excellent frequency regulation performances, such as low latency and high flexibility. However, the coordination mechanism between wind turbines and hybrid energy storage systems remains underdeveloped, especially for integrated unit-level wind storage systems (IUWSS). This paper investigated the coordinated mechanism based on the energy perspective between wind turbine and hybrid energy storage, and proposed the adaptive primary frequency regulation method for the IUWSS. Firstly, the applicable wind speed interval of the wind turbine deloading control is analyzed for quantifying the frequency regulation energy. And then the adaptive deloading control strategy of wind turbine is presented, in which the deloading degree can be adjusted dynamically according to the frequency fluctuation. Secondly, under the guidance of the coordination mechanism, the frequency regulation energy scaling factor of the hybrid energy storage is calculated based on the operating status of the wind turbine. The frequency regulation energy scaling factor determines the output power of the hybrid energy storage, thus realising the IUWSS adaptive primary frequency regulation. Finally, the typical testing power grid with integrated unit-level wind storage systems was simulated in different operation conditions and frequency regulation methods. The results show that the proposed method can adaptively and reasonably coordinate the frequency regulation energy in integrated unit-level wind storage systems, achieving an improvement of up to 17% compared with synthetic inertia control under specific conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 186018994
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Adaptive primary frequency regulation method based on energy perspective for integrated unit-level wind storage systems.
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  Label: Authors
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Duan%2C+Jiandong%22">Duan, Jiandong</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> duanjd@xaut.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ni%2C+He%22">Ni, He</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tao%2C+Jiaxin%22">Tao, Jiaxin</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Zhifan%22">Li, Zhifan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Yu%22">Zhang, Yu</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Jianhua%22">Wang, Jianhua</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Electrical+Power+%26+Energy+Systems%22">International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems</searchLink>. Aug2025, Vol. 169, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wind+turbines%22">Wind turbines</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+storage%22">Energy storage</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wind+power%22">Wind power</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wind+speed%22">Wind speed</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hybrid+power%22">Hybrid power</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: • The deloading control strategy for wind turbines considering frequency deviation is proposed. • The hybrid energy storage control strategy is explored adaptively according to the energy of wind turbines. • The frequency regulation method for integrated unit-level wind storage systems outperforms in improving the frequency nadir. The integrated wind storage systems are widely believed to have excellent frequency regulation performances, such as low latency and high flexibility. However, the coordination mechanism between wind turbines and hybrid energy storage systems remains underdeveloped, especially for integrated unit-level wind storage systems (IUWSS). This paper investigated the coordinated mechanism based on the energy perspective between wind turbine and hybrid energy storage, and proposed the adaptive primary frequency regulation method for the IUWSS. Firstly, the applicable wind speed interval of the wind turbine deloading control is analyzed for quantifying the frequency regulation energy. And then the adaptive deloading control strategy of wind turbine is presented, in which the deloading degree can be adjusted dynamically according to the frequency fluctuation. Secondly, under the guidance of the coordination mechanism, the frequency regulation energy scaling factor of the hybrid energy storage is calculated based on the operating status of the wind turbine. The frequency regulation energy scaling factor determines the output power of the hybrid energy storage, thus realising the IUWSS adaptive primary frequency regulation. Finally, the typical testing power grid with integrated unit-level wind storage systems was simulated in different operation conditions and frequency regulation methods. The results show that the proposed method can adaptively and reasonably coordinate the frequency regulation energy in integrated unit-level wind storage systems, achieving an improvement of up to 17% compared with synthetic inertia control under specific conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110822
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 1
        StartPage: N.PAG
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      – SubjectFull: Wind turbines
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Energy storage
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Wind power
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Wind speed
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hybrid power
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Adaptive primary frequency regulation method based on energy perspective for integrated unit-level wind storage systems.
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            NameFull: Duan, Jiandong
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            NameFull: Ni, He
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            NameFull: Tao, Jiaxin
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            NameFull: Li, Zhifan
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            NameFull: Zhang, Yu
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            – D: 01
              M: 08
              Text: Aug2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 169
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            – TitleFull: International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems
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