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Comparative Study on the Protective Performance of Typical Child Safety Seats Based on Experiments.

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Title: Comparative Study on the Protective Performance of Typical Child Safety Seats Based on Experiments.
Authors: Donghui Hao1,2,3 haodh@cccap.org.cn, Jie Zhang1, Yi Qiang2,3, Jianying An4, Dechen Li5
Source: International Journal of Automotive & Mechanical Engineering. Jun2025, Vol. 22 Issue 2, p12404-12416. 13p.
Subjects: Child restraint systems in automobiles, Child welfare, Pelvis, Performance in children, Basic needs
Abstract: With the continued rise in global vehicle ownership, the safety of child occupants has garnered increasing research attention. However, United Nations Regulation No. 129 (UN R129) currently lacks injury assessment criteria for the crotch region—specifically, the perineal area and anterior pelvic soft tissues—primarily due to the absence of dedicated sensors in existing child anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs). To address this limitation, the present study proposes a qualitative evaluation method by placing quail eggs, chicken eggs, and modeling clay in the crotch region of a 3-year-old child dummy in order to observe deformation responses under crash loading. Comparative tests were conducted on child restraint systems featuring 5-point and 6-point harness configurations under frontal/lateral impact and overturning conditions in accordance with UN R129 protocols. The results indicate that the 6-point harness system significantly reduces soft tissue compression and mitigates the risk of pelvic injury during frontal impacts while also improving control of dummy kinematics in lateral impact and overturning scenarios. Overall, the 6-point harness demonstrated superior protective performance compared to the conventional 5-point system. These findings underscore the critical need to enhance protective measures for the perineal and lower pelvic regions in child occupants. The study further advocates for the development of child ATDs equipped with high-resolution crotch-area sensors and recommends integrating computational simulations with physical testing to establish a robust quantitative framework for evaluating injuries in the crotch region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Automotive & Mechanical Engineering is the property of Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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  Data: Comparative Study on the Protective Performance of Typical Child Safety Seats Based on Experiments.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Donghui+Hao%22">Donghui Hao</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo><i> haodh@cccap.org.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jie+Zhang%22">Jie Zhang</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yi+Qiang%22">Yi Qiang</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jianying+An%22">Jianying An</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dechen+Li%22">Dechen Li</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Automotive+%26+Mechanical+Engineering%22">International Journal of Automotive & Mechanical Engineering</searchLink>. Jun2025, Vol. 22 Issue 2, p12404-12416. 13p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Child+restraint+systems+in+automobiles%22">Child restraint systems in automobiles</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Child+welfare%22">Child welfare</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pelvis%22">Pelvis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Performance+in+children%22">Performance in children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Basic+needs%22">Basic needs</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: With the continued rise in global vehicle ownership, the safety of child occupants has garnered increasing research attention. However, United Nations Regulation No. 129 (UN R129) currently lacks injury assessment criteria for the crotch region—specifically, the perineal area and anterior pelvic soft tissues—primarily due to the absence of dedicated sensors in existing child anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs). To address this limitation, the present study proposes a qualitative evaluation method by placing quail eggs, chicken eggs, and modeling clay in the crotch region of a 3-year-old child dummy in order to observe deformation responses under crash loading. Comparative tests were conducted on child restraint systems featuring 5-point and 6-point harness configurations under frontal/lateral impact and overturning conditions in accordance with UN R129 protocols. The results indicate that the 6-point harness system significantly reduces soft tissue compression and mitigates the risk of pelvic injury during frontal impacts while also improving control of dummy kinematics in lateral impact and overturning scenarios. Overall, the 6-point harness demonstrated superior protective performance compared to the conventional 5-point system. These findings underscore the critical need to enhance protective measures for the perineal and lower pelvic regions in child occupants. The study further advocates for the development of child ATDs equipped with high-resolution crotch-area sensors and recommends integrating computational simulations with physical testing to establish a robust quantitative framework for evaluating injuries in the crotch region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Automotive & Mechanical Engineering is the property of Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.15282/ijame.22.2.2025.12.0949
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 13
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Child welfare
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pelvis
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      – SubjectFull: Performance in children
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            NameFull: Donghui Hao
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            NameFull: Jie Zhang
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              Text: Jun2025
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              Y: 2025
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