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Spatiotemporal Features and Generation Mechanisms of Submesoscale Processes in the Low-Latitude Western Pacific Ocean.

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Title: Spatiotemporal Features and Generation Mechanisms of Submesoscale Processes in the Low-Latitude Western Pacific Ocean.
Authors: Hui, Yuchao1 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Linlin1,2 (AUTHOR) zhanglinlin@qdio.ac.cn, Sasaki, Hideharu3 (AUTHOR), Wang, Fan1,2 (AUTHOR), Hu, Dunxin1,2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Physical Oceanography. Jul2025, Vol. 55 Issue 7, p815-829. 15p.
Subjects: General circulation model, Baroclinicity, Kinetic energy, Spring, Autumn
Abstract: The spatiotemporal characteristics and generation mechanisms of submesoscale processes (SMPs) in the low-latitude western Pacific Ocean are investigated based on 1/30° Ocean General Circulation Model for the Earth Simulator (OFES) outputs and mooring measurements. Energetic submesoscale activities with the spatial and temporal scales shorter than 80 km and 20 days, respectively, are detected southeast of the Mindanao Island and north of the Halmahera Island along the paths of the Mindanao Current and Halmahera Eddy. Mooring observations indicate that the SMPs are intensified near the surface and can penetrate the thermocline down to 150 m. SMPs exhibit a significant seasonal cycle with high submesoscale kinetic energy (SKE) values in summer and autumn and relatively small SKE values in winter and spring. Barotropic instability associated with current–island interactions is the mechanism responsible for the generation and seasonal modulation of SMPs. This stands in contrast to the midlatitudes, where SMPs extract available potential energy through mixed layer baroclinic instability. Further energetic diagnostic analysis indicates that in the barotropic energy transfer chain, the mean kinetic energy is the main energy source for SKE. Mean kinetic energy contributes 65.6% of the kinetic energy to submesoscale processes, while the contribution of eddy kinetic energy is only 35.4%. Furthermore, the SKE budget results imply a route to energy dissipation via the forward energy cascade, which emphasizes the effects of SMPs on the diapycnal mixing in the low-latitude western tropical Pacific Ocean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Physical Oceanography is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Spatiotemporal Features and Generation Mechanisms of Submesoscale Processes in the Low-Latitude Western Pacific Ocean.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Physical+Oceanography%22">Journal of Physical Oceanography</searchLink>. Jul2025, Vol. 55 Issue 7, p815-829. 15p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22General+circulation+model%22">General circulation model</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Baroclinicity%22">Baroclinicity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Kinetic+energy%22">Kinetic energy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spring%22">Spring</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Autumn%22">Autumn</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The spatiotemporal characteristics and generation mechanisms of submesoscale processes (SMPs) in the low-latitude western Pacific Ocean are investigated based on 1/30° Ocean General Circulation Model for the Earth Simulator (OFES) outputs and mooring measurements. Energetic submesoscale activities with the spatial and temporal scales shorter than 80 km and 20 days, respectively, are detected southeast of the Mindanao Island and north of the Halmahera Island along the paths of the Mindanao Current and Halmahera Eddy. Mooring observations indicate that the SMPs are intensified near the surface and can penetrate the thermocline down to 150 m. SMPs exhibit a significant seasonal cycle with high submesoscale kinetic energy (SKE) values in summer and autumn and relatively small SKE values in winter and spring. Barotropic instability associated with current–island interactions is the mechanism responsible for the generation and seasonal modulation of SMPs. This stands in contrast to the midlatitudes, where SMPs extract available potential energy through mixed layer baroclinic instability. Further energetic diagnostic analysis indicates that in the barotropic energy transfer chain, the mean kinetic energy is the main energy source for SKE. Mean kinetic energy contributes 65.6% of the kinetic energy to submesoscale processes, while the contribution of eddy kinetic energy is only 35.4%. Furthermore, the SKE budget results imply a route to energy dissipation via the forward energy cascade, which emphasizes the effects of SMPs on the diapycnal mixing in the low-latitude western tropical Pacific Ocean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Physical Oceanography is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1175/JPO-D-24-0068.1
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Kinetic energy
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      – SubjectFull: Spring
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      – SubjectFull: Autumn
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      – TitleFull: Spatiotemporal Features and Generation Mechanisms of Submesoscale Processes in the Low-Latitude Western Pacific Ocean.
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            NameFull: Hui, Yuchao
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            NameFull: Sasaki, Hideharu
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            NameFull: Wang, Fan
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            – D: 01
              M: 07
              Text: Jul2025
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              Y: 2025
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