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Mechanical Performance of Plywood TIE Joints Under Tension and Shear in the WikiHouse Skylark Modular System.

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Title: Mechanical Performance of Plywood TIE Joints Under Tension and Shear in the WikiHouse Skylark Modular System.
Authors: Sandoval, Moisés1,2 (AUTHOR), Cárdenas-Ramírez, Juan Pablo2,3 (AUTHOR), Soto-Zúñiga, Paula3,4 (AUTHOR), Arnett, Michael4,5 (AUTHOR), Oñate, Angelo5,6 (AUTHOR), Leiva, Jorge6,7,8 (AUTHOR) aonates@udec.cl, Cancino, Rodrigo2,7 (AUTHOR), Tuninetti, Víctor8 (AUTHOR) victor.tuninetti@ufrontera.cl
Source: Materials (1996-1944). Oct2025, Vol. 18 Issue 20, p4738. 17p.
Subjects: Sustainable construction, Structural design, Shear (Mechanics), Wooden-frame buildings, Fireproofing agents, Mechanical efficiency, Wooden building
Abstract: The construction sector's environmental footprint is driving the adoption of sustainable modular timber systems. The WikiHouse Skylark is a promising open-source model whose structural reliability depends on the performance of its critical plywood TIE joints. This study presents an experimental investigation of full-scale TIE joints fabricated from 18 mm Pinus radiata plywood in three variants: Standard (STD), Weather-Resistant (HR), and Fire-Resistant (FR). Monotonic tensile and shear tests were conducted to evaluate load–displacement behavior and failure modes. While the mean ultimate strengths varied between panel types, with HR highest in tension (7.7 kN) and FR highest in shear (8.2 kN), the most critical finding was the effect of the treatments on failure mode. The FR treatment induced a brittle fracture with significantly reduced ductility, in contrast to the more ductile tearing observed in STD and HR panels. This highlights a clear strength–ductility trade-off introduced by the fire-retardant treatment, a key consideration for structural design in modular timber construction. This dataset provides an essential empirical foundation for the numerical modeling and design guidelines of WikiHouse TIE joints, advancing the development of resilient and sustainable prefabricated housing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 189028674
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Mechanical Performance of Plywood TIE Joints Under Tension and Shear in the WikiHouse Skylark Modular System.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sandoval%2C+Moisés%22">Sandoval, Moisés</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cárdenas-Ramírez%2C+Juan+Pablo%22">Cárdenas-Ramírez, Juan Pablo</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Soto-Zúñiga%2C+Paula%22">Soto-Zúñiga, Paula</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Arnett%2C+Michael%22">Arnett, Michael</searchLink><relatesTo>4,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Oñate%2C+Angelo%22">Oñate, Angelo</searchLink><relatesTo>5,6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Leiva%2C+Jorge%22">Leiva, Jorge</searchLink><relatesTo>6,7,8</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> aonates@udec.cl</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cancino%2C+Rodrigo%22">Cancino, Rodrigo</searchLink><relatesTo>2,7</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tuninetti%2C+Víctor%22">Tuninetti, Víctor</searchLink><relatesTo>8</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> victor.tuninetti@ufrontera.cl</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Materials+%281996-1944%29%22">Materials (1996-1944)</searchLink>. Oct2025, Vol. 18 Issue 20, p4738. 17p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sustainable+construction%22">Sustainable construction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Structural+design%22">Structural design</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Shear+%28Mechanics%29%22">Shear (Mechanics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wooden-frame+buildings%22">Wooden-frame buildings</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fireproofing+agents%22">Fireproofing agents</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mechanical+efficiency%22">Mechanical efficiency</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wooden+building%22">Wooden building</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: The construction sector's environmental footprint is driving the adoption of sustainable modular timber systems. The WikiHouse Skylark is a promising open-source model whose structural reliability depends on the performance of its critical plywood TIE joints. This study presents an experimental investigation of full-scale TIE joints fabricated from 18 mm Pinus radiata plywood in three variants: Standard (STD), Weather-Resistant (HR), and Fire-Resistant (FR). Monotonic tensile and shear tests were conducted to evaluate load–displacement behavior and failure modes. While the mean ultimate strengths varied between panel types, with HR highest in tension (7.7 kN) and FR highest in shear (8.2 kN), the most critical finding was the effect of the treatments on failure mode. The FR treatment induced a brittle fracture with significantly reduced ductility, in contrast to the more ductile tearing observed in STD and HR panels. This highlights a clear strength–ductility trade-off introduced by the fire-retardant treatment, a key consideration for structural design in modular timber construction. This dataset provides an essential empirical foundation for the numerical modeling and design guidelines of WikiHouse TIE joints, advancing the development of resilient and sustainable prefabricated housing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – SubjectFull: Shear (Mechanics)
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      – SubjectFull: Mechanical efficiency
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      – TitleFull: Mechanical Performance of Plywood TIE Joints Under Tension and Shear in the WikiHouse Skylark Modular System.
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              Text: Oct2025
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