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Synoptic Modulation of the West African Coastal Atmosphere and Mesoscale Convective Systems.

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Title: Synoptic Modulation of the West African Coastal Atmosphere and Mesoscale Convective Systems.
Authors: Sakaeda, Naoko1 (AUTHOR) nsakaeda@ou.edu, Wu, Shun-Nan1 (AUTHOR), Rios-Berrios, Rosimar2 (AUTHOR), Martin, Elinor1 (AUTHOR), Núñez Ocasio, Kelly M.3 (AUTHOR), Bedka, Kristopher M.4 (AUTHOR), Hollis, Margaret1 (AUTHOR), Lambrigtsen, Bjorn5 (AUTHOR), Lawton, Quinton A.2 (AUTHOR), Nehrir, Amin4 (AUTHOR), Rajagopal, Manikandan6 (AUTHOR), Schreier, Mathias5 (AUTHOR), Thornhill, K. Lee4 (AUTHOR), Wong, Sun5 (AUTHOR)
Source: Monthly Weather Review. Oct2025, Vol. 153 Issue 10, p1939-1957. 19p.
Subjects: Mesoscale convective complexes, Vertical wind shear, Weather, Ocean-atmosphere interaction, Aerial surveys, Rainfall
Geographic Terms: Cabo Verde, West Africa
Abstract: This study uses high-resolution airborne data from the NASA Convective Process Experiments–Cabo Verde field campaign to examine the effects of synoptic conditions on mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) over the western coastal waters of West Africa. African easterly waves (AEWs) are the dominant source of synoptic variability over the region, but their influences on coastal areas remain unclear. This study compares airborne data from 2 days with contrasting synoptic conditions and MCS evolution over the coastal water. On one day, large MCSs with high rain rates persisted over the coastal water when the AEW trough was near the coastline. The flow modulation by the AEW strengthened the near-surface onshore flow and warmed and moistened the boundary layer over the coastal water. These combined effects increased the equivalent potential temperature of inflow air into the coastal MCSs, likely supporting their development. On the other day, an AEW was absent or weak, and coastal MCSs remained small and short lived without the effects of the AEW. The observed modulation of the coastal atmosphere and MCSs by AEWs during the field campaign is analogous to the historical relationship of AEW and coastal MCSs obtained by satellite and reanalysis data. Although not represented by the two field campaign cases, the historical analysis suggests the enhancement of coastal vertical wind shear by AEWs can also intensify coastal MCSs. These results highlight the importance of synoptic modulation in understanding the variability and mechanism of coastal MCSs, which differ from those over land or open ocean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Monthly Weather Review is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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An: 189052500
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
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  Data: Synoptic Modulation of the West African Coastal Atmosphere and Mesoscale Convective Systems.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sakaeda%2C+Naoko%22">Sakaeda, Naoko</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> nsakaeda@ou.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wu%2C+Shun-Nan%22">Wu, Shun-Nan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rios-Berrios%2C+Rosimar%22">Rios-Berrios, Rosimar</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Martin%2C+Elinor%22">Martin, Elinor</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Núñez+Ocasio%2C+Kelly+M%2E%22">Núñez Ocasio, Kelly M.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bedka%2C+Kristopher+M%2E%22">Bedka, Kristopher M.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hollis%2C+Margaret%22">Hollis, Margaret</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lambrigtsen%2C+Bjorn%22">Lambrigtsen, Bjorn</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lawton%2C+Quinton+A%2E%22">Lawton, Quinton A.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nehrir%2C+Amin%22">Nehrir, Amin</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rajagopal%2C+Manikandan%22">Rajagopal, Manikandan</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schreier%2C+Mathias%22">Schreier, Mathias</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Thornhill%2C+K%2E+Lee%22">Thornhill, K. Lee</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wong%2C+Sun%22">Wong, Sun</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Monthly+Weather+Review%22">Monthly Weather Review</searchLink>. Oct2025, Vol. 153 Issue 10, p1939-1957. 19p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mesoscale+convective+complexes%22">Mesoscale convective complexes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Vertical+wind+shear%22">Vertical wind shear</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Weather%22">Weather</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ocean-atmosphere+interaction%22">Ocean-atmosphere interaction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Aerial+surveys%22">Aerial surveys</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rainfall%22">Rainfall</searchLink>
– Name: SubjectGeographic
  Label: Geographic Terms
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cabo+Verde%22">Cabo Verde</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22West+Africa%22">West Africa</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This study uses high-resolution airborne data from the NASA Convective Process Experiments–Cabo Verde field campaign to examine the effects of synoptic conditions on mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) over the western coastal waters of West Africa. African easterly waves (AEWs) are the dominant source of synoptic variability over the region, but their influences on coastal areas remain unclear. This study compares airborne data from 2 days with contrasting synoptic conditions and MCS evolution over the coastal water. On one day, large MCSs with high rain rates persisted over the coastal water when the AEW trough was near the coastline. The flow modulation by the AEW strengthened the near-surface onshore flow and warmed and moistened the boundary layer over the coastal water. These combined effects increased the equivalent potential temperature of inflow air into the coastal MCSs, likely supporting their development. On the other day, an AEW was absent or weak, and coastal MCSs remained small and short lived without the effects of the AEW. The observed modulation of the coastal atmosphere and MCSs by AEWs during the field campaign is analogous to the historical relationship of AEW and coastal MCSs obtained by satellite and reanalysis data. Although not represented by the two field campaign cases, the historical analysis suggests the enhancement of coastal vertical wind shear by AEWs can also intensify coastal MCSs. These results highlight the importance of synoptic modulation in understanding the variability and mechanism of coastal MCSs, which differ from those over land or open ocean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Monthly Weather Review is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1175/MWR-D-24-0281.1
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 19
        StartPage: 1939
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Mesoscale convective complexes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Vertical wind shear
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Weather
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ocean-atmosphere interaction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Aerial surveys
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Rainfall
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cabo Verde
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: West Africa
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Synoptic Modulation of the West African Coastal Atmosphere and Mesoscale Convective Systems.
        Type: main
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            – D: 01
              M: 10
              Text: Oct2025
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              Y: 2025
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