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High magnification optical imaging systems for the characterization of soft X‐ray focii.

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Title: High magnification optical imaging systems for the characterization of soft X‐ray focii.
Authors: Al Haddad, Andre1 (AUTHOR) andre.al-haddad@psi.ch, Sarracini, Antoine1 (AUTHOR), Schnorr, Kirsten1 (AUTHOR), Knopp, Gregor1 (AUTHOR), Krempasky, Juraj1 (AUTHOR), Arrell, Christopher1 (AUTHOR), Augustin, Sven1 (AUTHOR), Bassement, Loïc1 (AUTHOR), Brupbacher, Katherine1 (AUTHOR), Vila-Comamala, Joan1 (AUTHOR), David, Christian1 (AUTHOR), Flechsig, Uwe1 (AUTHOR), Follath, Rolf1 (AUTHOR), Guo, Zhaoheng1,2 (AUTHOR), Herzog, Markus1 (AUTHOR), Knurr, Jonas1,2 (AUTHOR), Lombosi, Csaba1 (AUTHOR), Manetti, Eloisa1 (AUTHOR), Mandal, Suddhasattwa1 (AUTHOR), Morillo-Candas, Ana Sofia1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation. Nov2025, Vol. 32 Issue 6, p1479-1490. 12p.
Abstract: We present a series of novel X‐ray imaging systems designed specifically for the soft X‐ray energy range, optimized for operation in ultra‐high‐vacuum environments and compactness. These systems achieve micrometre‐level spatial resolution with high collection efficiency of visible light by using high numerical aperture optics. Comprehensive characterization of the systems' response was performed, including linearity assessments and X‐ray sensitivity measurements, across X‐ray photon densities ranging from 1 nJ m−2 to 10−4 nJ m−2. The imaging system was employed for caustic measurements to characterize the X‐ray focal spot and to demonstrate its capabilities. Finally, grating interferometry was used to measure the wavefront distortion, yielding a pitch resolution as fine as 3.1 µm. These results underscore the system's potential for high‐resolution soft X‐ray imaging and wavefront characterization applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Synchrotron Radiation is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: High magnification optical imaging systems for the characterization of soft X‐ray focii.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Synchrotron+Radiation%22">Journal of Synchrotron Radiation</searchLink>. Nov2025, Vol. 32 Issue 6, p1479-1490. 12p.
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: We present a series of novel X‐ray imaging systems designed specifically for the soft X‐ray energy range, optimized for operation in ultra‐high‐vacuum environments and compactness. These systems achieve micrometre‐level spatial resolution with high collection efficiency of visible light by using high numerical aperture optics. Comprehensive characterization of the systems' response was performed, including linearity assessments and X‐ray sensitivity measurements, across X‐ray photon densities ranging from 1 nJ m−2 to 10−4 nJ m−2. The imaging system was employed for caustic measurements to characterize the X‐ray focal spot and to demonstrate its capabilities. Finally, grating interferometry was used to measure the wavefront distortion, yielding a pitch resolution as fine as 3.1 µm. These results underscore the system's potential for high‐resolution soft X‐ray imaging and wavefront characterization applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Synchrotron Radiation is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1107/S160057752500774X
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