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Aligned hydrothermal fluid‐flow pathways in Middle Permian near‐shore marine sediments beneath a basaltic lava flow.

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Title: Aligned hydrothermal fluid‐flow pathways in Middle Permian near‐shore marine sediments beneath a basaltic lava flow.
Authors: Carr, Paul F.1 (AUTHOR), Jones, Brian G.1 (AUTHOR) briangj@uow.edu.au, Shi, G. R.1 (AUTHOR), Lee, Sangmin1 (AUTHOR), Peterson, Mark A.1,2 (AUTHOR), Alley, Karen E.1,3 (AUTHOR)
Source: Sedimentology. Jan2026, Vol. 73 Issue 1, p83-102. 20p.
Subjects: Fluid flow, Marine sediments, Basalt, Permian Period, Sediment-water interfaces, Geological formations, Hydrothermal deposits, Mineralization
Abstract: Tubular and curviplanar structures, outlined by the occurrence of haematite/goethite, chlorite, quartz and albite, are developed in the Middle Permian Broughton Formation in the southern Sydney Basin, New South Wales, Australia. These structures are interpreted as fluid‐flow pathways resulting from the ejection of heated pore fluids as a thick (>30 m) basaltic lava (the Bumbo Latite Member) was emplaced rapidly on top of near‐shore, unconsolidated, wet, sandy marine sediments (the 53 m thick Kiama Sandstone Member). Evidence of fluid‐flow pathways in the sandstone is observed for ~20 m below the basalt. Subhorizontal and parallel, elongate tube‐like flow structures tend to be between 5 cm and 30 cm in diameter and are exposed laterally for a few tens of metres on the shore platform, although their full extent cannot be determined. Fluid‐flow pathways are marked by intense mineralisation and include enclosed tubes as well as unenclosed sheets, which may be flat or locally highly curved. Cross‐cutting relationships reveal several generations of the tube‐like features and imply the passage of hydrothermal fluids through the tubes. However, while significant alteration is apparent in the tube rims, little or no alteration is visible inside tubes at the hand specimen scale, but on a microscopic scale, the tube cores show alteration and extensive development of laumontite. Fluid‐flow features are grouped in moderately to well‐sorted sand beds and are underlain by layers with a higher silt component and exhibiting extensive bioturbation. These features imply that bedding‐controlled sediment porosity and permeability played a large role in determining the location of fluid‐flow conduits. The hot lava heated and pressurised the pore water, inducing horizontal hydrothermal fluid flow away from the lava and producing the mineral assemblage defining the fluid‐flow pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Sedimentology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Aligned hydrothermal fluid‐flow pathways in Middle Permian near‐shore marine sediments beneath a basaltic lava flow.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Carr%2C+Paul+F%2E%22">Carr, Paul F.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jones%2C+Brian+G%2E%22">Jones, Brian G.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> briangj@uow.edu.au</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shi%2C+G%2E+R%2E%22">Shi, G. R.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lee%2C+Sangmin%22">Lee, Sangmin</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Peterson%2C+Mark+A%2E%22">Peterson, Mark A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Alley%2C+Karen+E%2E%22">Alley, Karen E.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Sedimentology%22">Sedimentology</searchLink>. Jan2026, Vol. 73 Issue 1, p83-102. 20p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fluid+flow%22">Fluid flow</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Marine+sediments%22">Marine sediments</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Basalt%22">Basalt</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Permian+Period%22">Permian Period</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sediment-water+interfaces%22">Sediment-water interfaces</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Geological+formations%22">Geological formations</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrothermal+deposits%22">Hydrothermal deposits</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mineralization%22">Mineralization</searchLink>
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  Data: Tubular and curviplanar structures, outlined by the occurrence of haematite/goethite, chlorite, quartz and albite, are developed in the Middle Permian Broughton Formation in the southern Sydney Basin, New South Wales, Australia. These structures are interpreted as fluid‐flow pathways resulting from the ejection of heated pore fluids as a thick (>30 m) basaltic lava (the Bumbo Latite Member) was emplaced rapidly on top of near‐shore, unconsolidated, wet, sandy marine sediments (the 53 m thick Kiama Sandstone Member). Evidence of fluid‐flow pathways in the sandstone is observed for ~20 m below the basalt. Subhorizontal and parallel, elongate tube‐like flow structures tend to be between 5 cm and 30 cm in diameter and are exposed laterally for a few tens of metres on the shore platform, although their full extent cannot be determined. Fluid‐flow pathways are marked by intense mineralisation and include enclosed tubes as well as unenclosed sheets, which may be flat or locally highly curved. Cross‐cutting relationships reveal several generations of the tube‐like features and imply the passage of hydrothermal fluids through the tubes. However, while significant alteration is apparent in the tube rims, little or no alteration is visible inside tubes at the hand specimen scale, but on a microscopic scale, the tube cores show alteration and extensive development of laumontite. Fluid‐flow features are grouped in moderately to well‐sorted sand beds and are underlain by layers with a higher silt component and exhibiting extensive bioturbation. These features imply that bedding‐controlled sediment porosity and permeability played a large role in determining the location of fluid‐flow conduits. The hot lava heated and pressurised the pore water, inducing horizontal hydrothermal fluid flow away from the lava and producing the mineral assemblage defining the fluid‐flow pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Sedimentology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1111/sed.70049
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 20
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      – SubjectFull: Fluid flow
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Marine sediments
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Basalt
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Permian Period
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      – SubjectFull: Sediment-water interfaces
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      – SubjectFull: Geological formations
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      – SubjectFull: Hydrothermal deposits
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      – SubjectFull: Mineralization
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      – TitleFull: Aligned hydrothermal fluid‐flow pathways in Middle Permian near‐shore marine sediments beneath a basaltic lava flow.
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              M: 01
              Text: Jan2026
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              Y: 2026
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