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Research Advances in the Design and Control Technologies of Electric Spindle Motors for CNC Machine Tools.

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Title: Research Advances in the Design and Control Technologies of Electric Spindle Motors for CNC Machine Tools.
Authors: Liang, Jinhua1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Xu, Haiping1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Chen, Fei3,4 (AUTHOR), Liu, Wei4,5 (AUTHOR), Zhou, Peng1,2,3,5 (AUTHOR)
Source: Energies (19961073). Dec2025, Vol. 18 Issue 23, p6243. 26p.
Subjects: Numerical control of machine tools, Electric motors, Operations research, Intelligent control systems, Servomechanisms, Mathematical optimization, Machining, Automatic control systems
Abstract: The electric spindle serves as a critical component in enabling a highly dynamic response, stable torque output, and precise motion control for the main cutting operations of CNC machine tools. The design precision and control performance of its drive motor directly influence the geometric accuracy, surface quality, and overall machining efficiency of the workpiece, thereby determining the comprehensive performance of advanced CNC systems. This paper begins with a systematic review of the global industrial layout of CNC machine tool and electric spindle manufacturers, highlighting regional clustering patterns and technological development trends across key manufacturing regions. Subsequently, it classifies and elaborates on the differentiated technical requirements for the electric spindle motor in terms of wide-speed-range servo capability, high-efficiency operation, adaptability to high-speed and high-power cutting loads, and precision maintenance under high-speed conditions, based on the process characteristics of different types of CNC machine tools. A comprehensive overview of the current state of research is provided with respect to electric spindle motor design and control technologies. Finally, forward-looking perspectives are presented on future development directions, particularly in the areas of multi-physics coupling co-design and the integration of intelligent control algorithms, aiming to offer a solid theoretical foundation and strategic guidance for the advancement and engineering application of high-performance electric spindles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Energies (19961073) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 190517970
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PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Research Advances in the Design and Control Technologies of Electric Spindle Motors for CNC Machine Tools.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liang%2C+Jinhua%22">Liang, Jinhua</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xu%2C+Haiping%22">Xu, Haiping</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chen%2C+Fei%22">Chen, Fei</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Wei%22">Liu, Wei</searchLink><relatesTo>4,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhou%2C+Peng%22">Zhou, Peng</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Energies+%2819961073%29%22">Energies (19961073)</searchLink>. Dec2025, Vol. 18 Issue 23, p6243. 26p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Numerical+control+of+machine+tools%22">Numerical control of machine tools</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+motors%22">Electric motors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Operations+research%22">Operations research</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Intelligent+control+systems%22">Intelligent control systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Servomechanisms%22">Servomechanisms</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mathematical+optimization%22">Mathematical optimization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Machining%22">Machining</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Automatic+control+systems%22">Automatic control systems</searchLink>
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  Data: The electric spindle serves as a critical component in enabling a highly dynamic response, stable torque output, and precise motion control for the main cutting operations of CNC machine tools. The design precision and control performance of its drive motor directly influence the geometric accuracy, surface quality, and overall machining efficiency of the workpiece, thereby determining the comprehensive performance of advanced CNC systems. This paper begins with a systematic review of the global industrial layout of CNC machine tool and electric spindle manufacturers, highlighting regional clustering patterns and technological development trends across key manufacturing regions. Subsequently, it classifies and elaborates on the differentiated technical requirements for the electric spindle motor in terms of wide-speed-range servo capability, high-efficiency operation, adaptability to high-speed and high-power cutting loads, and precision maintenance under high-speed conditions, based on the process characteristics of different types of CNC machine tools. A comprehensive overview of the current state of research is provided with respect to electric spindle motor design and control technologies. Finally, forward-looking perspectives are presented on future development directions, particularly in the areas of multi-physics coupling co-design and the integration of intelligent control algorithms, aiming to offer a solid theoretical foundation and strategic guidance for the advancement and engineering application of high-performance electric spindles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Energies (19961073) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/en18236243
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 26
        StartPage: 6243
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Numerical control of machine tools
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electric motors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Operations research
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      – SubjectFull: Intelligent control systems
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      – SubjectFull: Servomechanisms
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mathematical optimization
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Machining
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Automatic control systems
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Research Advances in the Design and Control Technologies of Electric Spindle Motors for CNC Machine Tools.
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          Name:
            NameFull: Liang, Jinhua
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            NameFull: Xu, Haiping
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            NameFull: Chen, Fei
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            NameFull: Liu, Wei
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            NameFull: Zhou, Peng
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            – D: 01
              M: 12
              Text: Dec2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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