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How Do the Asian Highlands Affect Phase-Preferred Rossby Waves and Synchronous Heat Extremes in the Midlatitudes?

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Title: How Do the Asian Highlands Affect Phase-Preferred Rossby Waves and Synchronous Heat Extremes in the Midlatitudes?
Authors: Chen, Huayu1,2 (AUTHOR), Liu, Yimin1,2 (AUTHOR) lym@lasg.iap.ac.cn, Jiang, Jilan3 (AUTHOR), Zhu, Tao3 (AUTHOR), He, Bian1,2 (AUTHOR), Sheng, Chen3 (AUTHOR), Yao, Wuqiushi1,2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Climate. Jan2026, Vol. 39 Issue 2, p603-617. 15p.
Subjects: Rossby waves, Topography, Weather, Atmospheric models, High temperatures, Network theory (Statistical physics), Heat waves (Meteorology)
Geographic Terms: Asia, Eurasia
Abstract: Large-scale topography is thought to cause the phase preference of quasi-stationary Rossby waves (QSWs), which are closely linked with midlatitude weather extremes. However, this causality remains inconclusive. Here, we investigate the influence of the Asian highlands (AH) on QSWs and related synchronous heat extremes using climate model simulations and complex network analysis. Results show that removing the AH or its thermal forcing slightly weakens, but does not eliminate, phase preference. Additionally, the preferred phase of low-wavenumber waves (3, 4, and 5) shifts significantly, while the preferred phase of higher-wavenumber waves (6, 7, and 8) remains stable. During weeks dominated by phase-preferred, high-amplitude wave 5 or wave 6—the two strongest components of midlatitude QSWs—significant surface air temperature maxima co-occur with upper-level anticyclones. Temperature maxima associated with wave 5 are zonally displaced when the AH or its thermal forcing is removed, following the shift in wave-5's preferred phase. In contrast, those linked to wave 6 remain largely unchanged. Complex network analysis of synchronous heat extremes across Europe, central Eurasia, East Asia, and North America (four midlatitude regions affected by wave 6) reveals that removing the AH strengthens interregional synchronization, while removing only its thermal forcing weakens it. These contrasting responses are linked to consistent changes in the zonal uniformity of the wave-6 envelope—its phase-independent amplitude. Our findings highlight the importance of the AH in shaping midlatitude extreme weather patterns via modulating the QSWs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: How Do the Asian Highlands Affect Phase-Preferred Rossby Waves and Synchronous Heat Extremes in the Midlatitudes?
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rossby+waves%22">Rossby waves</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Topography%22">Topography</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Weather%22">Weather</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Atmospheric+models%22">Atmospheric models</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22High+temperatures%22">High temperatures</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Network+theory+%28Statistical+physics%29%22">Network theory (Statistical physics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heat+waves+%28Meteorology%29%22">Heat waves (Meteorology)</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Asia%22">Asia</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Eurasia%22">Eurasia</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Large-scale topography is thought to cause the phase preference of quasi-stationary Rossby waves (QSWs), which are closely linked with midlatitude weather extremes. However, this causality remains inconclusive. Here, we investigate the influence of the Asian highlands (AH) on QSWs and related synchronous heat extremes using climate model simulations and complex network analysis. Results show that removing the AH or its thermal forcing slightly weakens, but does not eliminate, phase preference. Additionally, the preferred phase of low-wavenumber waves (3, 4, and 5) shifts significantly, while the preferred phase of higher-wavenumber waves (6, 7, and 8) remains stable. During weeks dominated by phase-preferred, high-amplitude wave 5 or wave 6—the two strongest components of midlatitude QSWs—significant surface air temperature maxima co-occur with upper-level anticyclones. Temperature maxima associated with wave 5 are zonally displaced when the AH or its thermal forcing is removed, following the shift in wave-5's preferred phase. In contrast, those linked to wave 6 remain largely unchanged. Complex network analysis of synchronous heat extremes across Europe, central Eurasia, East Asia, and North America (four midlatitude regions affected by wave 6) reveals that removing the AH strengthens interregional synchronization, while removing only its thermal forcing weakens it. These contrasting responses are linked to consistent changes in the zonal uniformity of the wave-6 envelope—its phase-independent amplitude. Our findings highlight the importance of the AH in shaping midlatitude extreme weather patterns via modulating the QSWs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1175/JCLI-D-24-0674.1
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 15
        StartPage: 603
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Rossby waves
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Topography
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Weather
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Atmospheric models
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: High temperatures
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Network theory (Statistical physics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Heat waves (Meteorology)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Asia
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Eurasia
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: How Do the Asian Highlands Affect Phase-Preferred Rossby Waves and Synchronous Heat Extremes in the Midlatitudes?
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            NameFull: Chen, Huayu
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              Text: Jan2026
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              Y: 2026
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