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Decision-Focused Learning Enhanced by Automated Feature Engineering for Energy Storage Optimisation.

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Title: Decision-Focused Learning Enhanced by Automated Feature Engineering for Energy Storage Optimisation.
Authors: Alkhulaifi, Nasser1 (AUTHOR) nasser.alkhulaifi@nottingham.ac.uk, Gokay Dogan, Ismail1 (AUTHOR) ismail.dogan1@nottingham.ac.uk, Cargan, Timothy R.1 (AUTHOR) timothy.cargan@nottingham.ac.uk, Bowler, Alexander L.2 (AUTHOR) a.l.bowler@leeds.ac.uk, Pekaslan, Direnc3 (AUTHOR) direnc.pekaslan1@nottingham.ac.uk, Watson, Nicholas J.2 (AUTHOR) n.j.watson@leeds.ac.uk, Triguero, Isaac1,4,5 (AUTHOR) triguero@decsai.ugr.es
Source: Expert Systems with Applications. Mar2026, Vol. 302, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Energy storage, Demand forecasting, Power resources management, Operating costs, Forecasting, Machine learning, Feature extraction, Real-time computing
Geographic Terms: United Kingdom
Abstract: • Decision-Focused Learning framework is proposed for energy storage optimisation • Jointly forecasts demand and prices to optimise battery schedules via regret • Evaluated on a 55-day real-world dataset from a UK-based energy storage system • Integrating automated feature engineering improves Decision-Focused Learning by 56 % • SPO+ achieves lowest regret in the battery energy storage optimisation task Decision-making under uncertainty in energy management is complicated by unknown parameters hindering optimal strategies, particularly in Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) operations. Predict-Then-Optimise (PTO) approaches treat forecasting and optimisation as separate processes, allowing prediction errors to cascade into suboptimal decisions as models minimise forecasting errors rather than optimising downstream tasks. The emerging Decision-Focused Learning (DFL) methods overcome this limitation by integrating prediction and optimisation; however, they are relatively new and have been tested primarily on synthetic datasets with limited evidence of their practical viability. Real-world BESS applications present additional challenges, including greater variability and data scarcity due to collection constraints. Because of these challenges, this work leverages Automated Feature Engineering (AFE) to improve the nascent approach of DFL. This AFE–DFL integration automatically extracts decision-relevant features from limited energy data without requiring domain expertise, while ensuring features directly enhance BESS operational decisions rather than merely improving prediction accuracy metrics. We propose an AFE–DFL framework suitable for small datasets that forecasts electricity prices and demand while optimising BESS operations to minimise costs. We validate the framework's effectiveness on a novel real-world UK property dataset. The evaluation compares DFL methods against PTO, with and without AFE. Results show that DFL yields lower operating costs than PTO, and adding AFE further improves DFL performance by 22.9–56.5 % compared to models without AFE. These findings provide empirical evidence for DFL's practical viability, demonstrating that AFE-DFL integration reduces reliance on domain expertise while achieving superior economic outcomes for BESS optimisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Expert Systems with Applications is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
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PubType: Academic Journal
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  Data: Decision-Focused Learning Enhanced by Automated Feature Engineering for Energy Storage Optimisation.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Alkhulaifi%2C+Nasser%22">Alkhulaifi, Nasser</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> nasser.alkhulaifi@nottingham.ac.uk</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gokay+Dogan%2C+Ismail%22">Gokay Dogan, Ismail</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> ismail.dogan1@nottingham.ac.uk</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cargan%2C+Timothy+R%2E%22">Cargan, Timothy R.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> timothy.cargan@nottingham.ac.uk</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bowler%2C+Alexander+L%2E%22">Bowler, Alexander L.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> a.l.bowler@leeds.ac.uk</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pekaslan%2C+Direnc%22">Pekaslan, Direnc</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> direnc.pekaslan1@nottingham.ac.uk</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Watson%2C+Nicholas+J%2E%22">Watson, Nicholas J.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> n.j.watson@leeds.ac.uk</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Triguero%2C+Isaac%22">Triguero, Isaac</searchLink><relatesTo>1,4,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> triguero@decsai.ugr.es</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+storage%22">Energy storage</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Demand+forecasting%22">Demand forecasting</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Power+resources+management%22">Power resources management</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Operating+costs%22">Operating costs</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Forecasting%22">Forecasting</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Machine+learning%22">Machine learning</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Feature+extraction%22">Feature extraction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Real-time+computing%22">Real-time computing</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22United+Kingdom%22">United Kingdom</searchLink>
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  Data: • Decision-Focused Learning framework is proposed for energy storage optimisation • Jointly forecasts demand and prices to optimise battery schedules via regret • Evaluated on a 55-day real-world dataset from a UK-based energy storage system • Integrating automated feature engineering improves Decision-Focused Learning by 56 % • SPO+ achieves lowest regret in the battery energy storage optimisation task Decision-making under uncertainty in energy management is complicated by unknown parameters hindering optimal strategies, particularly in Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) operations. Predict-Then-Optimise (PTO) approaches treat forecasting and optimisation as separate processes, allowing prediction errors to cascade into suboptimal decisions as models minimise forecasting errors rather than optimising downstream tasks. The emerging Decision-Focused Learning (DFL) methods overcome this limitation by integrating prediction and optimisation; however, they are relatively new and have been tested primarily on synthetic datasets with limited evidence of their practical viability. Real-world BESS applications present additional challenges, including greater variability and data scarcity due to collection constraints. Because of these challenges, this work leverages Automated Feature Engineering (AFE) to improve the nascent approach of DFL. This AFE–DFL integration automatically extracts decision-relevant features from limited energy data without requiring domain expertise, while ensuring features directly enhance BESS operational decisions rather than merely improving prediction accuracy metrics. We propose an AFE–DFL framework suitable for small datasets that forecasts electricity prices and demand while optimising BESS operations to minimise costs. We validate the framework's effectiveness on a novel real-world UK property dataset. The evaluation compares DFL methods against PTO, with and without AFE. Results show that DFL yields lower operating costs than PTO, and adding AFE further improves DFL performance by 22.9–56.5 % compared to models without AFE. These findings provide empirical evidence for DFL's practical viability, demonstrating that AFE-DFL integration reduces reliance on domain expertise while achieving superior economic outcomes for BESS optimisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Expert Systems with Applications is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=egs&AN=191007145
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.eswa.2025.130554
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 1
        StartPage: N.PAG
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Energy storage
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Demand forecasting
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Power resources management
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Operating costs
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Forecasting
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Machine learning
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      – SubjectFull: Feature extraction
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      – SubjectFull: Real-time computing
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      – SubjectFull: United Kingdom
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      – TitleFull: Decision-Focused Learning Enhanced by Automated Feature Engineering for Energy Storage Optimisation.
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            NameFull: Alkhulaifi, Nasser
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              Text: Mar2026
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              Y: 2026
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