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Shared and Unique Connectivity Signatures of Reading and Language Deficits.

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Title: Shared and Unique Connectivity Signatures of Reading and Language Deficits.
Authors: Daucourt, Mia C.1 (AUTHOR), Rosenblatt, Matthew1,2 (AUTHOR), Frijters, Jan C.3 (AUTHOR), Bosson-Heenan, Joan M.1 (AUTHOR), Gruen, Jeffrey R.1 (AUTHOR), Scheinost, Dustin1,2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. Mar2026, Vol. 38 Issue 3, p575-597. 23p.
Subjects: Functional connectivity, Reading disability, Brain imaging, Language disorders, Reading comprehension, Cognitive ability, Word recognition, Prediction models
Abstract: Reading ability depends on multiple cognitive skills, including decoding and language comprehension, which can vary widely across individuals—even among those with similarly low reading performance. To better understand the brain basis of this variability, we used connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM) to identify large-scale functional connectivity patterns associated with reading and language skills in a population-based sample. Cross-sectional CPM models were trained using functional connectivity data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study (n = 6894) and tested in two independent cohorts: the New Haven Lexinome Project and the Genes, Reading, and Dyslexia study (combined n = 136). Functional connectivity measures included both resting- and task-based scans. Reading and language were measured with psychometric tests of word reading and vocabulary, respectively. CPM models significantly predicted reading (r =.24) and language (r =.28) scores in the discovery sample and generalized to an external sample (rs =.23 and.19). Anatomically, the reading and language models showed significant overlap, with the medial frontal network emerging as most predictive in both. However, these models exhibited distinct generalization patterns to children with decoding versus language comprehension difficulties—classified using 20th percentile cutoffs—highlighting their neural specificity. Reading and language models included distinct connectivity signatures and generalized differently to children with decoding versus language comprehension difficulties. These findings demonstrate that although reading and language abilities are behaviorally related, they are supported by partially distinct neural architectures. Integrating behavioral and neuroimaging data may clarify specific brain–behavior relationships and inform more tailored interventions for children with reading and language difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience is the property of MIT Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 191483182
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Shared and Unique Connectivity Signatures of Reading and Language Deficits.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Cognitive+Neuroscience%22">Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience</searchLink>. Mar2026, Vol. 38 Issue 3, p575-597. 23p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Functional+connectivity%22">Functional connectivity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reading+disability%22">Reading disability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Brain+imaging%22">Brain imaging</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+disorders%22">Language disorders</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reading+comprehension%22">Reading comprehension</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognitive+ability%22">Cognitive ability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Word+recognition%22">Word recognition</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Prediction+models%22">Prediction models</searchLink>
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  Data: Reading ability depends on multiple cognitive skills, including decoding and language comprehension, which can vary widely across individuals—even among those with similarly low reading performance. To better understand the brain basis of this variability, we used connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM) to identify large-scale functional connectivity patterns associated with reading and language skills in a population-based sample. Cross-sectional CPM models were trained using functional connectivity data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study (n = 6894) and tested in two independent cohorts: the New Haven Lexinome Project and the Genes, Reading, and Dyslexia study (combined n = 136). Functional connectivity measures included both resting- and task-based scans. Reading and language were measured with psychometric tests of word reading and vocabulary, respectively. CPM models significantly predicted reading (r =.24) and language (r =.28) scores in the discovery sample and generalized to an external sample (rs =.23 and.19). Anatomically, the reading and language models showed significant overlap, with the medial frontal network emerging as most predictive in both. However, these models exhibited distinct generalization patterns to children with decoding versus language comprehension difficulties—classified using 20th percentile cutoffs—highlighting their neural specificity. Reading and language models included distinct connectivity signatures and generalized differently to children with decoding versus language comprehension difficulties. These findings demonstrate that although reading and language abilities are behaviorally related, they are supported by partially distinct neural architectures. Integrating behavioral and neuroimaging data may clarify specific brain–behavior relationships and inform more tailored interventions for children with reading and language difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience is the property of MIT Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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        Value: 10.1162/JOCN.a.98
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Functional connectivity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Reading disability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Brain imaging
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      – SubjectFull: Language disorders
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      – SubjectFull: Reading comprehension
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      – SubjectFull: Cognitive ability
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      – SubjectFull: Word recognition
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      – SubjectFull: Prediction models
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      – TitleFull: Shared and Unique Connectivity Signatures of Reading and Language Deficits.
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              Text: Mar2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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