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Moho Fold Structure Beneath the East China Sea and Its Tectonic Implications.

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Title: Moho Fold Structure Beneath the East China Sea and Its Tectonic Implications.
Authors: Yu, Hangtao1,2 (AUTHOR), Xu, Chuang2,3,4 (AUTHOR) chuangxu@gdut.edu.cn, Wen, Mingming1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Wu, Chunhong1,2,4 (AUTHOR)
Source: Remote Sensing. Feb2026, Vol. 18 Issue 3, p385. 22p.
Subjects: Neotectonics, Mantle plumes, Island arcs, Earth's mantle, Structural geology
Geographic Terms: East China Sea, Ryukyu Islands
Abstract: Highlights: What are the main findings? According to the Moho fold structure, the South China Block has undergone vertical stress that has forced the mantle to subduct. The dominant force within the Ryukyu Arc is different in various regions. In the northeastern and central parts of the Ryukyu Arc, vertical subduction forces are dominant. In the southwestern part of the Ryukyu Arc, vertical subduction forces are in balance with another force associated with mantle upwelling. What are the implications of the main findings? Combined with previous studies, it has been confirmed that the ancient subduction zone was situated roughly along the eastern coastline of the South China Block. The differing dynamical control mechanisms across distinct regions of the Ryukyu Arc have been revealed. In the northeast and central regions, the primary influence stems from the subduction system. In the southwest, the predominant effect arises from back-arc mantle activity impacting shallow tectonics. Moho fold structures provide critical insights into the tectonic evolution of the East China Sea. However, previous models exhibit substantial uncertainties, primarily resulting from the unaccounted gravitational effects of crustal sources and insufficient constraints on inversion parameters. In this study, we applied wavelet multi-scale analysis and the power spectrum method to remove crustal contributions, combined with an improved Bott's method to achieve robust hyperparameter estimations. The Moho topographic model obtained through this method exhibits a significantly enhanced accuracy, with a root mean square deviation from seismic control points reduced by approximately 30% compared to other models. The resulting Moho fold structure reveals three key findings: (1) The South China Block has undergone vertical stress that forced the mantle to subduct. (2) In the northeastern and central parts of the Ryukyu Arc, vertical subduction forces are dominant. In the southwestern part of the Ryukyu Arc, vertical subduction forces are in balance with another force associated with mantle upwelling. (3) There is no interplate stress beneath the Okinawa Trough, and its crustal thinning may have been influenced by upwelling in the mantle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Moho Fold Structure Beneath the East China Sea and Its Tectonic Implications.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yu%2C+Hangtao%22">Yu, Hangtao</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xu%2C+Chuang%22">Xu, Chuang</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> chuangxu@gdut.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wen%2C+Mingming%22">Wen, Mingming</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wu%2C+Chunhong%22">Wu, Chunhong</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Remote+Sensing%22">Remote Sensing</searchLink>. Feb2026, Vol. 18 Issue 3, p385. 22p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Neotectonics%22">Neotectonics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mantle+plumes%22">Mantle plumes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Island+arcs%22">Island arcs</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Earth's+mantle%22">Earth's mantle</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Structural+geology%22">Structural geology</searchLink>
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  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22East+China+Sea%22">East China Sea</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ryukyu+Islands%22">Ryukyu Islands</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Highlights: What are the main findings? According to the Moho fold structure, the South China Block has undergone vertical stress that has forced the mantle to subduct. The dominant force within the Ryukyu Arc is different in various regions. In the northeastern and central parts of the Ryukyu Arc, vertical subduction forces are dominant. In the southwestern part of the Ryukyu Arc, vertical subduction forces are in balance with another force associated with mantle upwelling. What are the implications of the main findings? Combined with previous studies, it has been confirmed that the ancient subduction zone was situated roughly along the eastern coastline of the South China Block. The differing dynamical control mechanisms across distinct regions of the Ryukyu Arc have been revealed. In the northeast and central regions, the primary influence stems from the subduction system. In the southwest, the predominant effect arises from back-arc mantle activity impacting shallow tectonics. Moho fold structures provide critical insights into the tectonic evolution of the East China Sea. However, previous models exhibit substantial uncertainties, primarily resulting from the unaccounted gravitational effects of crustal sources and insufficient constraints on inversion parameters. In this study, we applied wavelet multi-scale analysis and the power spectrum method to remove crustal contributions, combined with an improved Bott's method to achieve robust hyperparameter estimations. The Moho topographic model obtained through this method exhibits a significantly enhanced accuracy, with a root mean square deviation from seismic control points reduced by approximately 30% compared to other models. The resulting Moho fold structure reveals three key findings: (1) The South China Block has undergone vertical stress that forced the mantle to subduct. (2) In the northeastern and central parts of the Ryukyu Arc, vertical subduction forces are dominant. In the southwestern part of the Ryukyu Arc, vertical subduction forces are in balance with another force associated with mantle upwelling. (3) There is no interplate stress beneath the Okinawa Trough, and its crustal thinning may have been influenced by upwelling in the mantle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/rs18030385
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 22
        StartPage: 385
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Neotectonics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mantle plumes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Island arcs
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Earth's mantle
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Structural geology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: East China Sea
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ryukyu Islands
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Moho Fold Structure Beneath the East China Sea and Its Tectonic Implications.
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            NameFull: Yu, Hangtao
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            NameFull: Xu, Chuang
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            NameFull: Wen, Mingming
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              Text: Feb2026
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              Y: 2026
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