Direct-Write Printed Epoxy Composites with Layered Gradient Structure: Shape Memory and Electromagnetic Shielding Performance.
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| Title: | Direct-Write Printed Epoxy Composites with Layered Gradient Structure: Shape Memory and Electromagnetic Shielding Performance. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Zhou, Junyao1 (AUTHOR), Zhu, Xianglong1 (AUTHOR), Deng, Pan1 (AUTHOR), Ding, Yuzhe1 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Zhenrong1 (AUTHOR) 2511090084@nbu.edu.cn, Cai, Hao1 (AUTHOR), Du, Jianke (AUTHOR) dujianke@nbu.edu.cn, Zhang, Minghua (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Polymers (20734360). Feb2026, Vol. 18 Issue 4, p437. 19p. |
| Subjects: | Electromagnetic shielding, Functionally gradient materials, Magnetic permeability, Shape memory alloys, Composite materials, Electric conductivity, Epoxy resins, Three-dimensional printing |
| Abstract: | To address the growing problem of electromagnetic pollution, the development of intelligent, multifunctional electromagnetic shielding materials is essential. The objective of this work is to fabricate an intelligent, low-reflection and high-absorption electromagnetic shielding composite via direct ink writing. In this study, epoxy resin (EP) was employed as the matrix, with nickel powder (Ni), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and silver powder (Ag) serving as functional fillers. Direct-ink printing enabled the fabrication of uniformly structured composites and layered gradient-structured composites. By precisely varying the filler content through layer-by-layer printing, the gradient-structured composite exhibited an increasing electrical conductivity gradient and a decreasing magnetic permeability gradient along the direction of electromagnetic wave incidence. Comprehensive characterization of microstructure, electrical, magnetic, and dielectric properties, and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness revealed that the uniformly structured composites exhibited higher total shielding effectiveness (SET) and reflection coefficient (R) with increased electrical conductivity. The layered gradient-structured composite achieved an electrical conductivity of 5.44 S/m and an SET of 17.74 dB, with the R value reduced to 0.53. Compared to the highly conductive homogeneous composite used in the bottom layer (R = 0.87), this represents a reduction in reflectivity of approximately 39.1%, thereby mitigating secondary pollution from excessive reflection. Under a DC voltage of 200 V, all composites recovered their original shape within 63 s, with shape fixity (Rf) and recovery (Rr) ratios exceeding 92%. This strong shape memory capability supports conformal coating on complex devices and facilitates material recycling, offering a practical foundation for next-generation multifunctional electromagnetic shielding materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 192034269 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Direct-Write Printed Epoxy Composites with Layered Gradient Structure: Shape Memory and Electromagnetic Shielding Performance. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhou%2C+Junyao%22">Zhou, Junyao</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhu%2C+Xianglong%22">Zhu, Xianglong</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Deng%2C+Pan%22">Deng, Pan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ding%2C+Yuzhe%22">Ding, Yuzhe</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Zhenrong%22">Zhang, Zhenrong</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> 2511090084@nbu.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cai%2C+Hao%22">Cai, Hao</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Du%2C+Jianke%22">Du, Jianke</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<i> dujianke@nbu.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Minghua%22">Zhang, Minghua</searchLink> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Polymers+%2820734360%29%22">Polymers (20734360)</searchLink>. Feb2026, Vol. 18 Issue 4, p437. 19p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electromagnetic+shielding%22">Electromagnetic shielding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Functionally+gradient+materials%22">Functionally gradient materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetic+permeability%22">Magnetic permeability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Shape+memory+alloys%22">Shape memory alloys</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Composite+materials%22">Composite materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+conductivity%22">Electric conductivity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Epoxy+resins%22">Epoxy resins</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Three-dimensional+printing%22">Three-dimensional printing</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: To address the growing problem of electromagnetic pollution, the development of intelligent, multifunctional electromagnetic shielding materials is essential. The objective of this work is to fabricate an intelligent, low-reflection and high-absorption electromagnetic shielding composite via direct ink writing. In this study, epoxy resin (EP) was employed as the matrix, with nickel powder (Ni), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and silver powder (Ag) serving as functional fillers. Direct-ink printing enabled the fabrication of uniformly structured composites and layered gradient-structured composites. By precisely varying the filler content through layer-by-layer printing, the gradient-structured composite exhibited an increasing electrical conductivity gradient and a decreasing magnetic permeability gradient along the direction of electromagnetic wave incidence. Comprehensive characterization of microstructure, electrical, magnetic, and dielectric properties, and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness revealed that the uniformly structured composites exhibited higher total shielding effectiveness (SET) and reflection coefficient (R) with increased electrical conductivity. The layered gradient-structured composite achieved an electrical conductivity of 5.44 S/m and an SET of 17.74 dB, with the R value reduced to 0.53. Compared to the highly conductive homogeneous composite used in the bottom layer (R = 0.87), this represents a reduction in reflectivity of approximately 39.1%, thereby mitigating secondary pollution from excessive reflection. Under a DC voltage of 200 V, all composites recovered their original shape within 63 s, with shape fixity (Rf) and recovery (Rr) ratios exceeding 92%. This strong shape memory capability supports conformal coating on complex devices and facilitates material recycling, offering a practical foundation for next-generation multifunctional electromagnetic shielding materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.3390/polym18040437 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 19 StartPage: 437 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Electromagnetic shielding Type: general – SubjectFull: Functionally gradient materials Type: general – SubjectFull: Magnetic permeability Type: general – SubjectFull: Shape memory alloys Type: general – SubjectFull: Composite materials Type: general – SubjectFull: Electric conductivity Type: general – SubjectFull: Epoxy resins Type: general – SubjectFull: Three-dimensional printing Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Direct-Write Printed Epoxy Composites with Layered Gradient Structure: Shape Memory and Electromagnetic Shielding Performance. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Zhou, Junyao – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Zhu, Xianglong – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Deng, Pan – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Ding, Yuzhe – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Zhang, Zhenrong – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Cai, Hao – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Du, Jianke – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Zhang, Minghua IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 15 M: 02 Text: Feb2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 20734360 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 18 – Type: issue Value: 4 Titles: – TitleFull: Polymers (20734360) Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
