Stable Encapsulation and Responsive Release of Dyes via Noncovalent Molecular Lock Strategy: A Case Study of Rhodamine B Based Fluorescent Hydrogel Microspheres.
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| Title: | Stable Encapsulation and Responsive Release of Dyes via Noncovalent Molecular Lock Strategy: A Case Study of Rhodamine B Based Fluorescent Hydrogel Microspheres. |
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| Authors: | Meng, Shuo1 (AUTHOR), Dang, Chuanyu2 (AUTHOR), Qiu, Xiaoyong1,3 (AUTHOR), Chen, Jianhua3,4 (AUTHOR), Yao, Ruiheng1,4 (AUTHOR), Wang, Yuquan2,4 (AUTHOR), Wei, Luxing3,4 (AUTHOR), Huang, Jun4 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Xiaolai1 (AUTHOR) zhangxlai@sdu.edu.cn |
| Source: | Polymers (20734360). Feb2026, Vol. 18 Issue 4, p493. 20p. |
| Subjects: | Rhodamine B, Tannins, Microfluidics, Molecular dynamics, Intermolecular interactions, Controlled release technology, Microgels |
| Abstract: | Hydrogel fluorescent microspheres function as versatile tracers with applications spanning across biomedicine, complex plasma systems, hydrodynamics, and drug delivery. However, the controlled release of fluorescent material in hydrogel microspheres is challenging to achieve. The fluorescent hydrogel microsphere (namely poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate@rhodamine B-tannic acid, PEGDA@RhB-TA) was fabricated by incorporating tannic acid and RhB into PEGDA microspheres. The stable encapsulation and responsive release of RhB can be achieved by leveraging the non-covalent interactions between TA and RhB. RhB was stably encapsulated within PEGDA microspheres through noncovalent interactions (hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonding, π–π, and ion–π interactions) between RhB and TA. Both molecular dynamics simulations by GROMACS and experimental results confirmed the noncovalent binding mechanisms between RhB and TA. The microspheres retained RhB following 24 h immersion in a highly concentrated salt solution (1 M NaCl) and exhibited minimal RhB release (7.1%) under heating at 80 °C for 24 h. However, PEGDA@RhB-TA microspheres underwent rapid RhB release in a 50% v/v ethanol–water solution, liberating 73% of the encapsulated dye within 24 h. TA within the PEGDA@RhB-TA microsphere acts as a molecular lock by forming non-covalent interactions with RhB, significantly enhancing the stability of encapsulated RhB, and enabling the responsive release of RhB under specific conditions. Upon introduction into a microfluidic chip, PEGDA@RhB-TA microspheres enable the calculation of flow velocity through position tracking using high-speed camera imaging and fluorescence microscopy. These microspheres overcome the dual challenges of tracer stability and controlled release, making them suitable for fluid tracing and measuring flow rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 192034325 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Stable Encapsulation and Responsive Release of Dyes via Noncovalent Molecular Lock Strategy: A Case Study of Rhodamine B Based Fluorescent Hydrogel Microspheres. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Meng%2C+Shuo%22">Meng, Shuo</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dang%2C+Chuanyu%22">Dang, Chuanyu</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Qiu%2C+Xiaoyong%22">Qiu, Xiaoyong</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chen%2C+Jianhua%22">Chen, Jianhua</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yao%2C+Ruiheng%22">Yao, Ruiheng</searchLink><relatesTo>1,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Yuquan%22">Wang, Yuquan</searchLink><relatesTo>2,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wei%2C+Luxing%22">Wei, Luxing</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Huang%2C+Jun%22">Huang, Jun</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Xiaolai%22">Zhang, Xiaolai</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> zhangxlai@sdu.edu.cn</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Polymers+%2820734360%29%22">Polymers (20734360)</searchLink>. Feb2026, Vol. 18 Issue 4, p493. 20p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rhodamine+B%22">Rhodamine B</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tannins%22">Tannins</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microfluidics%22">Microfluidics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Molecular+dynamics%22">Molecular dynamics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Intermolecular+interactions%22">Intermolecular interactions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Controlled+release+technology%22">Controlled release technology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microgels%22">Microgels</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Hydrogel fluorescent microspheres function as versatile tracers with applications spanning across biomedicine, complex plasma systems, hydrodynamics, and drug delivery. However, the controlled release of fluorescent material in hydrogel microspheres is challenging to achieve. The fluorescent hydrogel microsphere (namely poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate@rhodamine B-tannic acid, PEGDA@RhB-TA) was fabricated by incorporating tannic acid and RhB into PEGDA microspheres. The stable encapsulation and responsive release of RhB can be achieved by leveraging the non-covalent interactions between TA and RhB. RhB was stably encapsulated within PEGDA microspheres through noncovalent interactions (hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonding, π–π, and ion–π interactions) between RhB and TA. Both molecular dynamics simulations by GROMACS and experimental results confirmed the noncovalent binding mechanisms between RhB and TA. The microspheres retained RhB following 24 h immersion in a highly concentrated salt solution (1 M NaCl) and exhibited minimal RhB release (7.1%) under heating at 80 °C for 24 h. However, PEGDA@RhB-TA microspheres underwent rapid RhB release in a 50% v/v ethanol–water solution, liberating 73% of the encapsulated dye within 24 h. TA within the PEGDA@RhB-TA microsphere acts as a molecular lock by forming non-covalent interactions with RhB, significantly enhancing the stability of encapsulated RhB, and enabling the responsive release of RhB under specific conditions. Upon introduction into a microfluidic chip, PEGDA@RhB-TA microspheres enable the calculation of flow velocity through position tracking using high-speed camera imaging and fluorescence microscopy. These microspheres overcome the dual challenges of tracer stability and controlled release, making them suitable for fluid tracing and measuring flow rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.3390/polym18040493 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 20 StartPage: 493 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Rhodamine B Type: general – SubjectFull: Tannins Type: general – SubjectFull: Microfluidics Type: general – SubjectFull: Molecular dynamics Type: general – SubjectFull: Intermolecular interactions Type: general – SubjectFull: Controlled release technology Type: general – SubjectFull: Microgels Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Stable Encapsulation and Responsive Release of Dyes via Noncovalent Molecular Lock Strategy: A Case Study of Rhodamine B Based Fluorescent Hydrogel Microspheres. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Meng, Shuo – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Dang, Chuanyu – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Qiu, Xiaoyong – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Chen, Jianhua – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Yao, Ruiheng – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Wang, Yuquan – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Wei, Luxing – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Huang, Jun – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Zhang, Xiaolai IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 15 M: 02 Text: Feb2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 20734360 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 18 – Type: issue Value: 4 Titles: – TitleFull: Polymers (20734360) Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
