High-Performance Parallel Direct Georeferencing for Massive ULS LiDAR Measurements.
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| Title: | High-Performance Parallel Direct Georeferencing for Massive ULS LiDAR Measurements. |
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| Authors: | Yu, Mei1 (AUTHOR), Zhou, Yuhao1 (AUTHOR), Liu, Hua1 (AUTHOR) liuhua@ecut.edu.cn, Liu, Bo1 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Remote Sensing. Mar2026, Vol. 18 Issue 6, p949. 22p. |
| Subjects: | Parallel processing, LIDAR, Coordinate transformations, Parallel programming, High performance computing, CUDA (Computer architecture) |
| Abstract: | Highlights: What are the main findings? OpenMP-based and CUDA-based parallel methods for rigorous and approximate direct georeferencing were designed and implemented for massive ULS LiDAR measurements. Parallel direct georeferencing implementations deliver major efficiency gains with 7–9× for OpenMP-based methods and up to 24.6× for CUDA-based methods. What are the implications of the main findings? Both OpenMP-based and CUDA-based parallel strategies could greatly improve the efficiency of rigorous and approximate direct georeferencing methods, providing alternatives for efficient direct georeferencing of massive ULS LiDAR measurements. The rigorous and approximate direct georeferencing models have their own strengths in accuracy and efficiency and can be selected according to accuracy-efficiency trade-offs in large-scale ULS production workflows. The rapid increase in point density and acquisition rate of UAV laser scanning (ULS) systems has shifted the primary bottleneck of LiDAR workflows from data acquisition to post-processing, particularly during direct georeferencing of massive LiDAR measurements. This study presents a systematic evaluation of parallel computing strategies for accelerating ULS direct georeferencing while preserving geodetic accuracy. Two georeferencing models are investigated: (1) a rigorous model that strictly follows the full geodetic transformation chain from sensor owned coordinates system (SOCS) to projected map coordinates, and (2) an approximate model that incorporates meridian convergence angle compensation and preprocessing of platform trajectories to reduce per-point computational complexity. For each model, a shared-memory multicore CPU implementation based on OpenMP and a heterogeneous GPU implementation based on CUDA are designed. Experiments were conducted on seven real-world ULS datasets, ranging from 2.9 × 107 to 7.0 × 108 points and covering diverse terrain types. Accuracy analysis shows that, in typical urban, plain, and industrial scenarios, the approximate model achieves millimeter-level mean errors and centimeter-level RMSEs relative to the rigorous model, satisfying the requirements of most engineering surveying applications. Performance evaluation demonstrates that parallelization yields substantial speedups: OpenMP-based method achieves 7–9 times acceleration, while GPU computing attains up to 24.6 times acceleration for the rigorous model and up to 16.7 times for the approximate model. The results highlight the complementary strengths of the two models and provide practical guidance for selecting accuracy-efficiency trade-offs in large-scale ULS production workflows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Database: | Engineering Source |
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