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Surface Temperature Reversibility and the Roles of Clouds on the Decadal Time Scale.

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Title: Surface Temperature Reversibility and the Roles of Clouds on the Decadal Time Scale.
Authors: Ge, Qi1 (AUTHOR), Wang, Yuan1 (AUTHOR) yzwang@stanford.edu, Jiang, Jonathan H.2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Climate. Apr2026, Vol. 39 Issue 8, p1955-1970. 16p.
Subjects: Climate feedbacks, Ocean circulation, Radiation, Surface temperature, Polar climate, Atmospheric models, Antarctic ice
Geographic Terms: Southern Hemisphere, Atlantic Ocean, Antarctica, Antarctic Ocean
Abstract: Climate mitigation strategies have been proposed to halt and potentially reverse global warming trends by the mid-twenty-first century. Previous studies have shown different aspects of climate irreversibility at regional or global scales, but the roles of clouds and atmospheric radiation remain elusive. Using the fully coupled NCAR Community Earth System Model, version 2 (CESM2), we examine climate reversibility in a scenario where the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration gradually increases starting in 2015 (∼400 ppm) until 2075 (∼800 ppm) and then decreases back to the 2015 level. We find that the lowest reversibility of surface temperature occurs in the Southern Hemisphere mid–high latitudes. In addition to the slow ocean response, profound cloud–radiation feedbacks are identified in this study, which contribute to regional temperature irreversibility. Cloud properties and radiative effects show the lowest reversibility over 30°–45° and 60°–75°S. The strong inertia of the Southern Ocean circulations and the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) jointly induce hemispheric surface temperature asymmetry on a 60-yr time scale, leading to a southward shift of the Hadley cell with a narrowed subsidence branch and a persistent moisture divergence over 30°–45°S during the removal of CO2. The resultant humidity reduction decreases low-level cloud fraction and liquid water path, contributing to anomalous shortwave radiation that suppresses local temperature recovery. Moreover, subpolar clouds in the Southern Hemisphere are closely connected with Antarctic sea ice which exhibits substantial irreversibility following the Southern Ocean circulation responses. Our findings demonstrate that coupled ocean–atmosphere processes involving cloud and radiation feedbacks collectively determine climate reversibility and shape regional climate change patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 192792963
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Surface Temperature Reversibility and the Roles of Clouds on the Decadal Time Scale.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ge%2C+Qi%22">Ge, Qi</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Yuan%22">Wang, Yuan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> yzwang@stanford.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jiang%2C+Jonathan+H%2E%22">Jiang, Jonathan H.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Climate%22">Journal of Climate</searchLink>. Apr2026, Vol. 39 Issue 8, p1955-1970. 16p.
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  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Southern+Hemisphere%22">Southern Hemisphere</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Atlantic+Ocean%22">Atlantic Ocean</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Antarctica%22">Antarctica</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Antarctic+Ocean%22">Antarctic Ocean</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Climate mitigation strategies have been proposed to halt and potentially reverse global warming trends by the mid-twenty-first century. Previous studies have shown different aspects of climate irreversibility at regional or global scales, but the roles of clouds and atmospheric radiation remain elusive. Using the fully coupled NCAR Community Earth System Model, version 2 (CESM2), we examine climate reversibility in a scenario where the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration gradually increases starting in 2015 (∼400 ppm) until 2075 (∼800 ppm) and then decreases back to the 2015 level. We find that the lowest reversibility of surface temperature occurs in the Southern Hemisphere mid–high latitudes. In addition to the slow ocean response, profound cloud–radiation feedbacks are identified in this study, which contribute to regional temperature irreversibility. Cloud properties and radiative effects show the lowest reversibility over 30°–45° and 60°–75°S. The strong inertia of the Southern Ocean circulations and the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) jointly induce hemispheric surface temperature asymmetry on a 60-yr time scale, leading to a southward shift of the Hadley cell with a narrowed subsidence branch and a persistent moisture divergence over 30°–45°S during the removal of CO2. The resultant humidity reduction decreases low-level cloud fraction and liquid water path, contributing to anomalous shortwave radiation that suppresses local temperature recovery. Moreover, subpolar clouds in the Southern Hemisphere are closely connected with Antarctic sea ice which exhibits substantial irreversibility following the Southern Ocean circulation responses. Our findings demonstrate that coupled ocean–atmosphere processes involving cloud and radiation feedbacks collectively determine climate reversibility and shape regional climate change patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1175/JCLI-D-25-0488.1
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 16
        StartPage: 1955
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Climate feedbacks
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ocean circulation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Radiation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Surface temperature
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Polar climate
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Atmospheric models
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Antarctic ice
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Southern Hemisphere
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Atlantic Ocean
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Antarctica
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Antarctic Ocean
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Surface Temperature Reversibility and the Roles of Clouds on the Decadal Time Scale.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
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          Name:
            NameFull: Ge, Qi
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Wang, Yuan
      – PersonEntity:
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            NameFull: Jiang, Jonathan H.
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            – D: 15
              M: 04
              Text: Apr2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 08948755
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            – Type: volume
              Value: 39
            – Type: issue
              Value: 8
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Journal of Climate
              Type: main
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