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Effects of moisture, bulk density, orientation, and fuel type on the burning characteristics of three vegetative fuel types.

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Title: Effects of moisture, bulk density, orientation, and fuel type on the burning characteristics of three vegetative fuel types.
Authors: Sung, Kunhyuk1 (AUTHOR), Mueller, Eric1 (AUTHOR), Bundy, Matthew1 (AUTHOR), Hamins, Anthony1 (AUTHOR) anthony.hamins@nist.gov
Source: Fire Safety Journal. Jul2026, Vol. 162, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Moisture, Density, Flammable materials, Biomass burning, Combustion measurement, Combustion kinetics, Wildfires
Abstract: A series of experiments was conducted to better understand the global burning characteristics of three types of vegetative fuels and provide guidance for the development of wildland fire models. The fuels tested were little bluestem grass, excelsior wood fiber bundles, and Douglas-fir trees. Using oxygen consumption calorimetry along with various complementary measurements, the impact of moisture content, bulk density, fuel geometry, and fuel orientation on key combustion features, such as the heat release rate, mass loss, flame height, CO and smoke yields, and the radiative fraction, were investigated. The radiative fraction and product yield results were analyzed as the fire progressed from flaming to smoldering. For excelsior, the results showed that the radiative emission from the hot smoldering bundles disproportionately contributed to the total radiative emission of the fire and that the fractional smoke yields tended to increase with increasing bulk density. The results characterize the global combustion properties of the vegetative fuel types and provide insight into their complex burning behavior. The data and many of the results generated from the study are available on the NIST Fire Calorimetry Database (FCD). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Fire Safety Journal is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 192906078
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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  Data: Effects of moisture, bulk density, orientation, and fuel type on the burning characteristics of three vegetative fuel types.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Fire+Safety+Journal%22">Fire Safety Journal</searchLink>. Jul2026, Vol. 162, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Moisture%22">Moisture</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Density%22">Density</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Flammable+materials%22">Flammable materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biomass+burning%22">Biomass burning</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Combustion+measurement%22">Combustion measurement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Combustion+kinetics%22">Combustion kinetics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wildfires%22">Wildfires</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: A series of experiments was conducted to better understand the global burning characteristics of three types of vegetative fuels and provide guidance for the development of wildland fire models. The fuels tested were little bluestem grass, excelsior wood fiber bundles, and Douglas-fir trees. Using oxygen consumption calorimetry along with various complementary measurements, the impact of moisture content, bulk density, fuel geometry, and fuel orientation on key combustion features, such as the heat release rate, mass loss, flame height, CO and smoke yields, and the radiative fraction, were investigated. The radiative fraction and product yield results were analyzed as the fire progressed from flaming to smoldering. For excelsior, the results showed that the radiative emission from the hot smoldering bundles disproportionately contributed to the total radiative emission of the fire and that the fractional smoke yields tended to increase with increasing bulk density. The results characterize the global combustion properties of the vegetative fuel types and provide insight into their complex burning behavior. The data and many of the results generated from the study are available on the NIST Fire Calorimetry Database (FCD). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Fire Safety Journal is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2026.104674
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 1
        StartPage: N.PAG
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Moisture
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Density
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Flammable materials
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Biomass burning
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Combustion measurement
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Combustion kinetics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Wildfires
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Effects of moisture, bulk density, orientation, and fuel type on the burning characteristics of three vegetative fuel types.
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          Name:
            NameFull: Sung, Kunhyuk
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            NameFull: Mueller, Eric
      – PersonEntity:
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            NameFull: Bundy, Matthew
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Hamins, Anthony
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            – D: 01
              M: 07
              Text: Jul2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 162
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            – TitleFull: Fire Safety Journal
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