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Investigation for water-ice within lunar polar PSR using Chandrayaan-2 DFSAR data.

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Title: Investigation for water-ice within lunar polar PSR using Chandrayaan-2 DFSAR data.
Authors: Shukla, Shital1 hodgeography@gujaratuniversity.ac.in, Shroff, Urvi1, Patel, Piyush1, Mohan, Shiv2
Source: Current Science (00113891). Apr2026, Vol. 130 Issue 7, p613-622. 10p.
Subjects: Ice, Lunar craters, Synthetic aperture radar, Circular polarization, Polarimetry
Abstract: Multi-frequency polarimetric observations from dual frequency synthetic aperture radar (DFSAR) and miniaturised synthetic aperture radar (Mini-SAR) were used to investigate four craters named as C1–C4 within the permanently shadowed Faustini crater floor, near the lunar south pole. Amongst these four craters, C1 exhibits plausibility of shallow subsurface water ice with enhanced circular polarisation ratio (CPR) at Sband and low mean cross-polarised backscattering coefficient. CPR greater than unity at L-band has been detected in an unnamed sub-km-scale crater (C2). Further, the CPR signature characterising the interior and exterior of the crater at L-band is observed to be unambiguously distinct, non-overlapping, and separated by a margin of 0.63. This distinct CPR signature is not observed at S-band, emphasising the plausibility of water ice in deeper layers. The crater C3 indicates erosion associated with subdued backscatter returns. The penetration ability of the L-band signal reveals buried rocks inside crater C4 associated with depolarised cross-polarisation (VH) returns, enhanced CPR, and high co-polarised backscattering coefficient. Polarimetric decomposition methods were used to emphasise the dominance of volume scattering in the deeper layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Current Science (00113891) is the property of Indian Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Investigation for water-ice within lunar polar PSR using Chandrayaan-2 DFSAR data.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shukla%2C+Shital%22">Shukla, Shital</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> hodgeography@gujaratuniversity.ac.in</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shroff%2C+Urvi%22">Shroff, Urvi</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Patel%2C+Piyush%22">Patel, Piyush</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mohan%2C+Shiv%22">Mohan, Shiv</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Current+Science+%2800113891%29%22">Current Science (00113891)</searchLink>. Apr2026, Vol. 130 Issue 7, p613-622. 10p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ice%22">Ice</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lunar+craters%22">Lunar craters</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Synthetic+aperture+radar%22">Synthetic aperture radar</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Circular+polarization%22">Circular polarization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polarimetry%22">Polarimetry</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Multi-frequency polarimetric observations from dual frequency synthetic aperture radar (DFSAR) and miniaturised synthetic aperture radar (Mini-SAR) were used to investigate four craters named as C1–C4 within the permanently shadowed Faustini crater floor, near the lunar south pole. Amongst these four craters, C1 exhibits plausibility of shallow subsurface water ice with enhanced circular polarisation ratio (CPR) at Sband and low mean cross-polarised backscattering coefficient. CPR greater than unity at L-band has been detected in an unnamed sub-km-scale crater (C2). Further, the CPR signature characterising the interior and exterior of the crater at L-band is observed to be unambiguously distinct, non-overlapping, and separated by a margin of 0.63. This distinct CPR signature is not observed at S-band, emphasising the plausibility of water ice in deeper layers. The crater C3 indicates erosion associated with subdued backscatter returns. The penetration ability of the L-band signal reveals buried rocks inside crater C4 associated with depolarised cross-polarisation (VH) returns, enhanced CPR, and high co-polarised backscattering coefficient. Polarimetric decomposition methods were used to emphasise the dominance of volume scattering in the deeper layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Current Science (00113891) is the property of Indian Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.18520/cs/v130/i7/613-622
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 10
        StartPage: 613
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Ice
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Lunar craters
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Synthetic aperture radar
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Circular polarization
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Polarimetry
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Investigation for water-ice within lunar polar PSR using Chandrayaan-2 DFSAR data.
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            NameFull: Shroff, Urvi
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            NameFull: Patel, Piyush
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            – D: 01
              M: 04
              Text: Apr2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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