Global Spring–Autumn Phenology Coupling Inferred from Satellite Observations and Reanalysis-Based Climate Limitations.
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| Title: | Global Spring–Autumn Phenology Coupling Inferred from Satellite Observations and Reanalysis-Based Climate Limitations. |
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| Authors: | Li, Xiaolu1 (AUTHOR), Wei, Yu2 (AUTHOR), Qiu, Tong2,3 (AUTHOR), Donnelly, Alison1,3 (AUTHOR), Wang, Yetang1,2 (AUTHOR) yetangwang@sdnu.edu.cn |
| Source: | Remote Sensing. Apr2026, Vol. 18 Issue 7, p1002. 19p. |
| Subjects: | Phenology, Autumn, Growing season, Humidity, Land-atmosphere interactions, Remote sensing |
| Abstract: | Highlights: What are the main findings? Spring and autumn phenology are positively linked globally, with autumn timing dominated by a direct effect rather than growing season climate mediation. Higher growing season water availability delays autumn senescence, but spring onset does not induce large-scale shifts in energy or water limitation regimes. What are the implications of the main findings? Observed spring–autumn phenology correlations primarily reflect direct phenological coupling, rather than systematic climate mediation. Climate-mediated phenological effects are region-specific, identifying where land–atmosphere interactions modulate seasonal transitions. Spring and autumn phenology jointly regulate terrestrial carbon, water, and energy exchanges, yet the mechanisms linking seasonal transitions remain debated under increasing hydroclimatic stress. Here, we integrate satellite-derived phenology with reanalysis-based indicators of land–atmosphere coupling to examine how spring onset interacts with growing season controlling factors and how these interactions shape autumn senescence at the global scale. Globally, start-of-season (SOS) and end-of-season (EOS) timings are positively coupled, with later SOS generally followed by later EOS, and this relationship becomes stronger when only later-SOS years are considered. However, SOS does not induce coherent global shifts in growing season climate limitation. Piecewise structural equation modeling reveals that SOS influences EOS primarily through a direct phenological pathway, with a mean path coefficient of ~0.4 day·day−1 explaining approximately 26% of global EOS variability. In contrast, energy and water-mediated pathways contribute smaller but spatially heterogeneous effects, together accounting for ~5% of explained variance on average. SOS–EOS coupling is strongest in water-limited regimes, particularly in grasslands and shrublands. Managed croplands exhibit distinct and more heterogeneous responses, reflecting partial decoupling of phenology from natural hydroclimatic constraints. Collectively, our results indicate that spring phenology exerts a robust but spatially variable influence on autumn timing, dominated by direct effects rather than indirect mediation through growing season climate limitations, with regional modulation imposed by background hydroclimatic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Database: | Engineering Source |
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