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Physicochemical Characterization and In Vitro Biocompatibility of Epoxy- and Silicone-Based Endodontic Materials.

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Title: Physicochemical Characterization and In Vitro Biocompatibility of Epoxy- and Silicone-Based Endodontic Materials.
Authors: Popa, Alexandra1,2 (AUTHOR), Imre, Marina1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Pițuru, Silviu Mirel1,3,4 (AUTHOR), Voicu-Bălașea, Bianca1,2,4 (AUTHOR), Cernega, Ana1,4,5 (AUTHOR), Rădulescu, Radu-Vasile2,6 (AUTHOR), Rus, Florentina1,2,7 (AUTHOR), Trușcă, Roxana5,8 (AUTHOR), Musteanu, Monica1,6 (AUTHOR), Andronescu, Ecaterina2,5,7,8 (AUTHOR), Ripszky, Alexandra1,2,3 (AUTHOR)
Source: Materials (1996-1944). Apr2026, Vol. 19 Issue 7, p1388. 25p.
Subjects: Biocompatibility, Dental materials, Root canal treatment, Materials analysis, Epoxy resins, Silicone rubber
Abstract: Root canal sealers play a crucial role in the success of endodontic treatment, facilitating healing and regeneration of the periapical region. This study aimed to evaluate the biological, physicochemical and structural properties of two sealers, AH Plus and ROEKO GuttaFlow 2. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis reveals polyhedral particles uniformly distributed within the porous organic matrix of AH Plus, whereas ROEKO GuttaFlow 2 exhibits a heterogeneous structure, with particles distributed evenly. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis confirmed the characteristic chemical bonds associated with both the organic and inorganic phases of each material, while X-Ray diffraction analysis identified the main crystalline phases (CaWO4 and ZrO2 for AH Plus and ZrSiO4 and ZrO2 for ROEKO GuttaFlow 2). The biocompatibility tests were performed on human osteosarcoma cells (ATCC—G 292 CRL-1423). An in vitro metabolic activity and viability test (MTT) showed a significant decrease by ~92% (* p < 0.05) and ~87% after 24 and 48 h for samples incubated with AH Plus versus the control. Regarding ROEKO GuttaFlow 2, MTT levels increased by ~8% in the first 24 h, while after 48 h they decreased by ~11% versus control. Lactate dehydrogenase levels significantly increased at 24 and 48 h for cells incubated with AH Plus (*** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01). ROEKO GuttaFlow 2 significantly decreased the LDH level at 24 h (** p < 0.01), while at 48 h a rise was observed. The significantly increased levels of nitric oxide observed in cells incubated with the materials at 24 and 48 h (** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001) suggest a cellular adaptation to our experimental environment. Overall, ROEKO GuttaFlow 2 exhibited a more favorable profile under our testing conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Physicochemical Characterization and In Vitro Biocompatibility of Epoxy- and Silicone-Based Endodontic Materials.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Popa%2C+Alexandra%22&quot;&gt;Popa, Alexandra&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1,2&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Imre%2C+Marina%22&quot;&gt;Imre, Marina&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1,2,3&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Pițuru%2C+Silviu+Mirel%22&quot;&gt;Pițuru, Silviu Mirel&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1,3,4&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Voicu-Bălașea%2C+Bianca%22&quot;&gt;Voicu-Bălașea, Bianca&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1,2,4&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Cernega%2C+Ana%22&quot;&gt;Cernega, Ana&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1,4,5&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Rădulescu%2C+Radu-Vasile%22&quot;&gt;Rădulescu, Radu-Vasile&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;2,6&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Rus%2C+Florentina%22&quot;&gt;Rus, Florentina&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1,2,7&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Trușcă%2C+Roxana%22&quot;&gt;Trușcă, Roxana&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;5,8&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Musteanu%2C+Monica%22&quot;&gt;Musteanu, Monica&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1,6&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Andronescu%2C+Ecaterina%22&quot;&gt;Andronescu, Ecaterina&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;2,5,7,8&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Ripszky%2C+Alexandra%22&quot;&gt;Ripszky, Alexandra&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1,2,3&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22Materials+%281996-1944%29%22&quot;&gt;Materials (1996-1944)&lt;/searchLink&gt;. Apr2026, Vol. 19 Issue 7, p1388. 25p.
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  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Root canal sealers play a crucial role in the success of endodontic treatment, facilitating healing and regeneration of the periapical region. This study aimed to evaluate the biological, physicochemical and structural properties of two sealers, AH Plus and ROEKO GuttaFlow 2. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis reveals polyhedral particles uniformly distributed within the porous organic matrix of AH Plus, whereas ROEKO GuttaFlow 2 exhibits a heterogeneous structure, with particles distributed evenly. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis confirmed the characteristic chemical bonds associated with both the organic and inorganic phases of each material, while X-Ray diffraction analysis identified the main crystalline phases (CaWO4 and ZrO2 for AH Plus and ZrSiO4 and ZrO2 for ROEKO GuttaFlow 2). The biocompatibility tests were performed on human osteosarcoma cells (ATCC—G 292 CRL-1423). An in vitro metabolic activity and viability test (MTT) showed a significant decrease by ~92% (* p &lt; 0.05) and ~87% after 24 and 48 h for samples incubated with AH Plus versus the control. Regarding ROEKO GuttaFlow 2, MTT levels increased by ~8% in the first 24 h, while after 48 h they decreased by ~11% versus control. Lactate dehydrogenase levels significantly increased at 24 and 48 h for cells incubated with AH Plus (*** p &lt; 0.001, ** p &lt; 0.01). ROEKO GuttaFlow 2 significantly decreased the LDH level at 24 h (** p &lt; 0.01), while at 48 h a rise was observed. The significantly increased levels of nitric oxide observed in cells incubated with the materials at 24 and 48 h (** p &lt; 0.01, *** p &lt; 0.001) suggest a cellular adaptation to our experimental environment. Overall, ROEKO GuttaFlow 2 exhibited a more favorable profile under our testing conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3390/ma19071388
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 25
        StartPage: 1388
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Biocompatibility
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dental materials
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Root canal treatment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Materials analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Epoxy resins
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Silicone rubber
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Physicochemical Characterization and In Vitro Biocompatibility of Epoxy- and Silicone-Based Endodontic Materials.
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            – D: 01
              M: 04
              Text: Apr2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 19961944
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              Value: 19
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              Value: 7
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