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Tribological Performance of Femtosecond Laser-Fabricated Biomimetic Sinusoidal-Circular Composite Textures on 40Cr Steel Under Oil Lubrication.

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Title: Tribological Performance of Femtosecond Laser-Fabricated Biomimetic Sinusoidal-Circular Composite Textures on 40Cr Steel Under Oil Lubrication.
Authors: Chen, Yu1,2 (AUTHOR), Xu, Ping1,2 (AUTHOR) lnxuping@163.com, Zhao, Linhao1,2 (AUTHOR), Yu, Yinghua1,2 (AUTHOR), Wu, Zipeng2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Materials (1996-1944). May2026, Vol. 19 Issue 9, p1687. 24p.
Subjects: Tribology, Surface texture, Chromium molybdenum steel, Femtosecond lasers, Lubricating oils, Wear resistance
Abstract: To improve the tribological performance of 40Cr steel, a biomimetic composite micro-texture consisting of sinusoidal grooves and circular dimples was designed based on the periodic corrugated structures on the shell surface of Fimbria fimbriata. The texture parameter ranges were determined through microscopic characterization of the shell surface and orthogonal design. The composite micro-textures were fabricated on 40Cr steel by femtosecond laser processing and characterized by confocal microscopy, white light interferometry (WLI), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Their tribological behavior was evaluated under oil-lubricated reciprocating sliding conditions against a GCr15 counter-body in a ball-on-flat contact configuration. The results showed that laser power significantly affected the forming quality of the sinusoidal textures, and 4.50 W provided the best overall cross-sectional morphology. All textured specimens exhibited lower steady-state average coefficients of friction (COF) than the untextured specimen, with the textured groups ranging from 0.1678 to 0.1905. Among them, specimen L6 showed the lowest steady-state average COF of 0.1678, corresponding to a reduction of approximately 19.4%, together with the best wear resistance as indicated by the relative displacement volume ratio (Kw). Surface analyses revealed that abrasive wear and adhesive wear were the dominant wear mechanisms, while the optimized composite micro-texture effectively suppressed wear-groove development, material pile-up, and transfer-layer formation. Overall, the biomimetic sinusoidal-circular composite micro-texture effectively improved the tribological performance of 40Cr steel under oil lubrication through the synergistic effects of contact-state regulation, lubricant retention, and wear-debris capture. This study provides theoretical and experimental support for the engineering application of biomimetic composite micro-textures on mechanical surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Tribological Performance of Femtosecond Laser-Fabricated Biomimetic Sinusoidal-Circular Composite Textures on 40Cr Steel Under Oil Lubrication.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chen%2C+Yu%22">Chen, Yu</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xu%2C+Ping%22">Xu, Ping</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> lnxuping@163.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhao%2C+Linhao%22">Zhao, Linhao</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yu%2C+Yinghua%22">Yu, Yinghua</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wu%2C+Zipeng%22">Wu, Zipeng</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Materials+%281996-1944%29%22">Materials (1996-1944)</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 19 Issue 9, p1687. 24p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tribology%22">Tribology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Surface+texture%22">Surface texture</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chromium+molybdenum+steel%22">Chromium molybdenum steel</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Femtosecond+lasers%22">Femtosecond lasers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lubricating+oils%22">Lubricating oils</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wear+resistance%22">Wear resistance</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: To improve the tribological performance of 40Cr steel, a biomimetic composite micro-texture consisting of sinusoidal grooves and circular dimples was designed based on the periodic corrugated structures on the shell surface of Fimbria fimbriata. The texture parameter ranges were determined through microscopic characterization of the shell surface and orthogonal design. The composite micro-textures were fabricated on 40Cr steel by femtosecond laser processing and characterized by confocal microscopy, white light interferometry (WLI), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Their tribological behavior was evaluated under oil-lubricated reciprocating sliding conditions against a GCr15 counter-body in a ball-on-flat contact configuration. The results showed that laser power significantly affected the forming quality of the sinusoidal textures, and 4.50 W provided the best overall cross-sectional morphology. All textured specimens exhibited lower steady-state average coefficients of friction (COF) than the untextured specimen, with the textured groups ranging from 0.1678 to 0.1905. Among them, specimen L6 showed the lowest steady-state average COF of 0.1678, corresponding to a reduction of approximately 19.4%, together with the best wear resistance as indicated by the relative displacement volume ratio (Kw). Surface analyses revealed that abrasive wear and adhesive wear were the dominant wear mechanisms, while the optimized composite micro-texture effectively suppressed wear-groove development, material pile-up, and transfer-layer formation. Overall, the biomimetic sinusoidal-circular composite micro-texture effectively improved the tribological performance of 40Cr steel under oil lubrication through the synergistic effects of contact-state regulation, lubricant retention, and wear-debris capture. This study provides theoretical and experimental support for the engineering application of biomimetic composite micro-textures on mechanical surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/ma19091687
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 24
        StartPage: 1687
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      – SubjectFull: Tribology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Surface texture
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chromium molybdenum steel
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Femtosecond lasers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Lubricating oils
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Wear resistance
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Tribological Performance of Femtosecond Laser-Fabricated Biomimetic Sinusoidal-Circular Composite Textures on 40Cr Steel Under Oil Lubrication.
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            NameFull: Chen, Yu
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            NameFull: Xu, Ping
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            NameFull: Zhao, Linhao
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            NameFull: Yu, Yinghua
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            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Text: May2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 19
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            – TitleFull: Materials (1996-1944)
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