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Modulation of DNA Nanostructure Morphology by Metal Ions and Temperature: An AFM Study.

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Title: Modulation of DNA Nanostructure Morphology by Metal Ions and Temperature: An AFM Study.
Authors: Li, Jiani1,2 (AUTHOR), Wang, Jingyu1,2 (AUTHOR) jywang78@outlook.com, Wang, Xia1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Li, Nan3,4 (AUTHOR), Wang, Zuobin1,2 (AUTHOR), Gao, Mingyan1,2,4 (AUTHOR) gaomingyan@jlju.edu.cn
Source: Nanomaterials (2079-4991). May2026, Vol. 16 Issue 9, p535. 12p.
Subjects: Metal ions, Temperature effect, Electrostatic interaction, Atomic force microscopy, DNA nanotechnology, DNA condensation, DNA denaturation
Abstract: In biological systems, DNA serves as the primary carrier of genetic information, and the stability of its structure is fundamental to cellular function. Metal ions and temperature are critical environmental factors that modulate DNA conformation and activity. However, the differential morphological effects of alkali, alkaline earth, and transition metal ions, especially when combined with thermal treatment, have not been systematically visualized and quantified. In this work, atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to investigate the effects of different metal ions (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cu2+) and temperature on DNA structure. The results demonstrated that monovalent ions (Na+ and K+) neutralized the negative charges on the DNA backbone, thereby reducing intermolecular electrostatic repulsion and promoting DNA aggregation into dendritic structures. Divalent ions (Mg2+ and Ca2+) not only provided more effective charge screening but also formed ion bridges between DNA strands, leading to more compact and cross-linked networks. In contrast, Cu2+ ions directly coordinated with DNA bases, causing local structural distortion and strand scission. Elevated temperatures induced DNA melting, with distinct morphological transitions from extended double strands to condensed single-stranded globules observed at temperatures exceeding the melting point ( T m ). These findings elucidate the mechanisms by which environmental factors govern DNA morphology, providing insights relevant to nanotechnology and molecular biology applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Modulation of DNA Nanostructure Morphology by Metal Ions and Temperature: An AFM Study.
– Name: Author
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Jiani%22">Li, Jiani</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Jingyu%22">Wang, Jingyu</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> jywang78@outlook.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Xia%22">Wang, Xia</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Nan%22">Li, Nan</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Zuobin%22">Wang, Zuobin</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gao%2C+Mingyan%22">Gao, Mingyan</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> gaomingyan@jlju.edu.cn</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Nanomaterials+%282079-4991%29%22">Nanomaterials (2079-4991)</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 16 Issue 9, p535. 12p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Metal+ions%22">Metal ions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Temperature+effect%22">Temperature effect</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electrostatic+interaction%22">Electrostatic interaction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Atomic+force+microscopy%22">Atomic force microscopy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22DNA+nanotechnology%22">DNA nanotechnology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22DNA+condensation%22">DNA condensation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22DNA+denaturation%22">DNA denaturation</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: In biological systems, DNA serves as the primary carrier of genetic information, and the stability of its structure is fundamental to cellular function. Metal ions and temperature are critical environmental factors that modulate DNA conformation and activity. However, the differential morphological effects of alkali, alkaline earth, and transition metal ions, especially when combined with thermal treatment, have not been systematically visualized and quantified. In this work, atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to investigate the effects of different metal ions (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cu2+) and temperature on DNA structure. The results demonstrated that monovalent ions (Na+ and K+) neutralized the negative charges on the DNA backbone, thereby reducing intermolecular electrostatic repulsion and promoting DNA aggregation into dendritic structures. Divalent ions (Mg2+ and Ca2+) not only provided more effective charge screening but also formed ion bridges between DNA strands, leading to more compact and cross-linked networks. In contrast, Cu2+ ions directly coordinated with DNA bases, causing local structural distortion and strand scission. Elevated temperatures induced DNA melting, with distinct morphological transitions from extended double strands to condensed single-stranded globules observed at temperatures exceeding the melting point ( T m ). These findings elucidate the mechanisms by which environmental factors govern DNA morphology, providing insights relevant to nanotechnology and molecular biology applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/nano16090535
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 12
        StartPage: 535
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      – SubjectFull: Metal ions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Temperature effect
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      – SubjectFull: Electrostatic interaction
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      – SubjectFull: Atomic force microscopy
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      – SubjectFull: DNA nanotechnology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: DNA condensation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: DNA denaturation
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Modulation of DNA Nanostructure Morphology by Metal Ions and Temperature: An AFM Study.
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            NameFull: Li, Jiani
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            NameFull: Wang, Jingyu
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            NameFull: Li, Nan
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            NameFull: Wang, Zuobin
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              M: 05
              Text: May2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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