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Overcoming skin effect limitations: a novel transmit-receive eddy current probe for high-accuracy quantification of deep cracks.

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Title: Overcoming skin effect limitations: a novel transmit-receive eddy current probe for high-accuracy quantification of deep cracks.
Authors: Zhang, Dongli1, Wu, Meixian1
Source: Insight: Non-Destructive Testing & Condition Monitoring. May2026, Vol. 68 Issue 5, p306-318. 7p.
Subjects: Skin effect, Eddy current testing, Electric impedance, Magnetic permeability, Finite element method, Measurement
Abstract: To address the signal saturation and poor quantification capability of conventional eddy current (EC) probes in deep crack detection, caused by the skin effect, this paper proposes a novel EC probe for inspection of deep cracks in thick-walled structures. The probe adopts a transmit-receive configuration with the transmitting coil (Tx) and the receiving coil (Rx) on opposing faces of the plate, enabling through-thickness magnetic field penetration, fundamentally altering the eddy current distribution and enhancing sensitivity to deep cracks. Theoretical analysis and finite element simulations demonstrate that this configuration effectively mitigates the dominance of surface currents, making the received signal primarily responsive to subsurface disturbances. Notably, the probe exhibits a highly linear relationship between normalised impedance variation and crack depth over a range of 6-32 mm (R2 = 0.999), in stark contrast to the saturated non-linear response of conventional reflection-type probes. Leveraging this linear depth response, a direct inversion model is established for high-accuracy depth quantification, achieving a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.23 mm. The results validate that the proposed transmit-receive probe overcomes the depth-sensing limitations of traditional EC testing and provides a reliable solution for quantitative evaluation of deeply buried cracks and surface-breaking deep cracks in thick-walled conductive structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Insight: Non-Destructive Testing & Condition Monitoring is the property of British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 193861393
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PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Overcoming skin effect limitations: a novel transmit-receive eddy current probe for high-accuracy quantification of deep cracks.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Dongli%22">Zhang, Dongli</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wu%2C+Meixian%22">Wu, Meixian</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Insight%3A+Non-Destructive+Testing+%26+Condition+Monitoring%22">Insight: Non-Destructive Testing & Condition Monitoring</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 68 Issue 5, p306-318. 7p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Skin+effect%22">Skin effect</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Eddy+current+testing%22">Eddy current testing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+impedance%22">Electric impedance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetic+permeability%22">Magnetic permeability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Finite+element+method%22">Finite element method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Measurement%22">Measurement</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: To address the signal saturation and poor quantification capability of conventional eddy current (EC) probes in deep crack detection, caused by the skin effect, this paper proposes a novel EC probe for inspection of deep cracks in thick-walled structures. The probe adopts a transmit-receive configuration with the transmitting coil (Tx) and the receiving coil (Rx) on opposing faces of the plate, enabling through-thickness magnetic field penetration, fundamentally altering the eddy current distribution and enhancing sensitivity to deep cracks. Theoretical analysis and finite element simulations demonstrate that this configuration effectively mitigates the dominance of surface currents, making the received signal primarily responsive to subsurface disturbances. Notably, the probe exhibits a highly linear relationship between normalised impedance variation and crack depth over a range of 6-32 mm (R2 = 0.999), in stark contrast to the saturated non-linear response of conventional reflection-type probes. Leveraging this linear depth response, a direct inversion model is established for high-accuracy depth quantification, achieving a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.23 mm. The results validate that the proposed transmit-receive probe overcomes the depth-sensing limitations of traditional EC testing and provides a reliable solution for quantitative evaluation of deeply buried cracks and surface-breaking deep cracks in thick-walled conductive structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Insight: Non-Destructive Testing & Condition Monitoring is the property of British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 7
        StartPage: 306
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Skin effect
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Eddy current testing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electric impedance
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Magnetic permeability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Finite element method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Measurement
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Overcoming skin effect limitations: a novel transmit-receive eddy current probe for high-accuracy quantification of deep cracks.
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            NameFull: Zhang, Dongli
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            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Text: May2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 68
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