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The impact of digital design on Façade performance: A literature review.

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Title: The impact of digital design on Façade performance: A literature review.
Authors: AKKAN ÇAVDAR, Ayça1,2 ayca.akkan@erdogan.edu.tr, VURAL, Nilhan3
Source: Sigma: Journal of Engineering & Natural Sciences / Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. Apr2026, Vol. 44 Issue 2, p1540-1559. 20p.
Subjects: Simulation methods & models, Building envelopes, Energy consumption, Daylight, Sustainable architecture, Evaluation methodology, Artificial intelligence, Computer-aided design
Abstract: Advances in technology and interdisciplinary collaborations have increased design efficiency through new materials and construction systems, and have supported innovations in the field of architecture. However, despite these developments, performance evaluation before construction remains crucial. Therefore, digital design methods and performance analysis software have become fundamental tools in the optimization process. This study examines the role of digital design in improving facade performance within the context of sustainable architecture. In this context, 96 studies obtained from the Web of Science (WoS) database were examined. Trends in the research were evaluated using bibliometric methods and content analysis applied via VOSviewer. The findings show that the majority of studies focus on daylight, energy efficiency, and solar radiation. In contrast, topics such as ventilation, indoor air quality, and acoustics were addressed to a more limited extent. In recent years, digital twin applications and artificial intelligence-supported facade optimization have gained more prominence. Simulation methods are dominant in the studies examined (65.6%). The most commonly used tools are Rhinoceros and Grasshopper. Only 58.3% of the studies received financial support. China stands out in terms of both the number of articles and the number of supported studies. This study presents a systematic classification for facade performance criteria and digital tools. It also draws attention to research gaps, particularly in the areas of ventilation and cooling performance. By highlighting these insufficiently addressed areas, the research differs from previous studies and offers a roadmap for future research towards developing digital facade design with a more comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Sigma: Journal of Engineering & Natural Sciences / Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Sigma: Journal of Engineering & Natural Sciences / Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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  Data: The impact of digital design on Façade performance: A literature review.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Simulation+methods+%26+models%22">Simulation methods & models</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Building+envelopes%22">Building envelopes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+consumption%22">Energy consumption</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Daylight%22">Daylight</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sustainable+architecture%22">Sustainable architecture</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Evaluation+methodology%22">Evaluation methodology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Artificial+intelligence%22">Artificial intelligence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computer-aided+design%22">Computer-aided design</searchLink>
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  Data: Advances in technology and interdisciplinary collaborations have increased design efficiency through new materials and construction systems, and have supported innovations in the field of architecture. However, despite these developments, performance evaluation before construction remains crucial. Therefore, digital design methods and performance analysis software have become fundamental tools in the optimization process. This study examines the role of digital design in improving facade performance within the context of sustainable architecture. In this context, 96 studies obtained from the Web of Science (WoS) database were examined. Trends in the research were evaluated using bibliometric methods and content analysis applied via VOSviewer. The findings show that the majority of studies focus on daylight, energy efficiency, and solar radiation. In contrast, topics such as ventilation, indoor air quality, and acoustics were addressed to a more limited extent. In recent years, digital twin applications and artificial intelligence-supported facade optimization have gained more prominence. Simulation methods are dominant in the studies examined (65.6%). The most commonly used tools are Rhinoceros and Grasshopper. Only 58.3% of the studies received financial support. China stands out in terms of both the number of articles and the number of supported studies. This study presents a systematic classification for facade performance criteria and digital tools. It also draws attention to research gaps, particularly in the areas of ventilation and cooling performance. By highlighting these insufficiently addressed areas, the research differs from previous studies and offers a roadmap for future research towards developing digital facade design with a more comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Sigma: Journal of Engineering & Natural Sciences / Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Sigma: Journal of Engineering & Natural Sciences / Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.14744/sigma.2026.2049
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Simulation methods & models
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Building envelopes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Energy consumption
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Daylight
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      – SubjectFull: Sustainable architecture
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      – SubjectFull: Evaluation methodology
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      – SubjectFull: Artificial intelligence
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Computer-aided design
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      – TitleFull: The impact of digital design on Façade performance: A literature review.
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            NameFull: AKKAN ÇAVDAR, Ayça
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              M: 04
              Text: Apr2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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