Effect of Activation Mode on the Use of Black Slag in Cementitious Materials for Ecological and Sustainable Construction.
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| Title: | Effect of Activation Mode on the Use of Black Slag in Cementitious Materials for Ecological and Sustainable Construction. |
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| Authors: | Zadri, Hanane1 (AUTHOR), Tebbal, Nadia2 (AUTHOR) nadia.tebbal@univ-msila.dz, Rahmouni, Zine El Abidine1 (AUTHOR) zineelabidine.rahmouni@univ-msila.dz, Maza, Mekki1 (AUTHOR), Benghalem, Nour El Houda1 (AUTHOR), Paul, Suvash Chandra (AUTHOR) suvashpl@iubat.edu |
| Source: | Advances in Civil Engineering. 5/21/2026, Vol. 2026, p1-13. 13p. |
| Subjects: | Slag, Sustainable construction, Cement composites, Tensile strength, Heat treatment, Microstructure |
| Abstract: | This study addresses the environmental challenges of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Portland cement by investigating the valorization of crystalline black slag (CBS) as an eco‐sustainable precursor for geopolymer mortars (GPMs). A novel thermal activation process was employed, where CBS was calcined at 800°C and rapidly water‐quenched to produce granulated black slag (GBS) with an amorphous structure. The research evaluates the impact of this thermal treatment and the subsequent chemical activation using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate. Furthermore, the effect of substituting GBS with metakaolin (MK) at various levels (20%, 50%, 80%, and 100%) was analyzed. Characterization of raw materials was performed using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), XRF, FTIR, and laser granulometry. Six GPM blends were synthesized: two using 100% GBS with varying precursor/activator (P/A) ratios (1.5 and 2.0) and four incorporating MK at a constant P/A ratio of 1.5. All specimens were cured at 60°C for 24 h. Analytical techniques including thermogravimetric (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and XRD confirmed the successful structural transformation of CBS into a reactive granulated slag. Mechanical testing showed that compressive strength (CS) and flexural strength (FS) were significantly influenced by the MK content. The optimal performance was achieved with an 80% MK substitution, yielding 27.34 MPa in CS and 16.52 MPa in FS at 28 days. Microstructural investigations via scanning electron microscopy (SEM)‐EDS and XRD revealed that this specific blend promoted a denser matrix and enhanced pore distribution. These findings demonstrate that thermally activated black slag is a viable geopolymer precursor and that its synergy with MK offers a high‐performance, sustainable alternative for the construction industry and the development of low‐carbon binders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Advances in Civil Engineering is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 193980872 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Effect of Activation Mode on the Use of Black Slag in Cementitious Materials for Ecological and Sustainable Construction. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zadri%2C+Hanane%22">Zadri, Hanane</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tebbal%2C+Nadia%22">Tebbal, Nadia</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> nadia.tebbal@univ-msila.dz</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rahmouni%2C+Zine+El+Abidine%22">Rahmouni, Zine El Abidine</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> zineelabidine.rahmouni@univ-msila.dz</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Maza%2C+Mekki%22">Maza, Mekki</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Benghalem%2C+Nour+El+Houda%22">Benghalem, Nour El Houda</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Paul%2C+Suvash+Chandra%22">Paul, Suvash Chandra</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<i> suvashpl@iubat.edu</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Advances+in+Civil+Engineering%22">Advances in Civil Engineering</searchLink>. 5/21/2026, Vol. 2026, p1-13. 13p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Slag%22">Slag</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sustainable+construction%22">Sustainable construction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cement+composites%22">Cement composites</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tensile+strength%22">Tensile strength</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heat+treatment%22">Heat treatment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microstructure%22">Microstructure</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: This study addresses the environmental challenges of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Portland cement by investigating the valorization of crystalline black slag (CBS) as an eco‐sustainable precursor for geopolymer mortars (GPMs). A novel thermal activation process was employed, where CBS was calcined at 800°C and rapidly water‐quenched to produce granulated black slag (GBS) with an amorphous structure. The research evaluates the impact of this thermal treatment and the subsequent chemical activation using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate. Furthermore, the effect of substituting GBS with metakaolin (MK) at various levels (20%, 50%, 80%, and 100%) was analyzed. Characterization of raw materials was performed using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), XRF, FTIR, and laser granulometry. Six GPM blends were synthesized: two using 100% GBS with varying precursor/activator (P/A) ratios (1.5 and 2.0) and four incorporating MK at a constant P/A ratio of 1.5. All specimens were cured at 60°C for 24 h. Analytical techniques including thermogravimetric (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and XRD confirmed the successful structural transformation of CBS into a reactive granulated slag. Mechanical testing showed that compressive strength (CS) and flexural strength (FS) were significantly influenced by the MK content. The optimal performance was achieved with an 80% MK substitution, yielding 27.34 MPa in CS and 16.52 MPa in FS at 28 days. Microstructural investigations via scanning electron microscopy (SEM)‐EDS and XRD revealed that this specific blend promoted a denser matrix and enhanced pore distribution. These findings demonstrate that thermally activated black slag is a viable geopolymer precursor and that its synergy with MK offers a high‐performance, sustainable alternative for the construction industry and the development of low‐carbon binders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Advances in Civil Engineering is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1155/adce/7134866 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 13 StartPage: 1 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Slag Type: general – SubjectFull: Sustainable construction Type: general – SubjectFull: Cement composites Type: general – SubjectFull: Tensile strength Type: general – SubjectFull: Heat treatment Type: general – SubjectFull: Microstructure Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Effect of Activation Mode on the Use of Black Slag in Cementitious Materials for Ecological and Sustainable Construction. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Zadri, Hanane – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Tebbal, Nadia – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Rahmouni, Zine El Abidine – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Maza, Mekki – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Benghalem, Nour El Houda – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Paul, Suvash Chandra IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 21 M: 05 Text: 5/21/2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 16878086 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 2026 Titles: – TitleFull: Advances in Civil Engineering Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
