View in EDS HTML Full Text PDF Full Text

Effect of Whey Protein Isolate and Concentrate Shakes on Surface and Optical Properties of 3D-Printed Definitive Resins.

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Title: Effect of Whey Protein Isolate and Concentrate Shakes on Surface and Optical Properties of 3D-Printed Definitive Resins.
Authors: Albayrak, Hasan Can1 (AUTHOR) hasancan.albayrak@kstu.edu.tr, Taşın, Simge1 (AUTHOR), İsmatullaev, Artur1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Polymers (20734360). May2026, Vol. 18 Issue 10, p1166. 16p.
Subjects: Whey proteins, Surface roughness, Three-dimensional printing, Light transmission, Dental materials, In vitro studies
Abstract: This in vitro study evaluated the effects of whey protein isolate and concentrate on surface roughness, color stainability, and translucency of 3D-printed definitive resins. Five 3D-printed resins were tested: Alias Dental Crown (AC), Crowntec (CT), Permanent Crown Resin (PC), VarseoSmile Crownplus (VSC), and VarseoSmile TriniQ (VST) (n = 30). Each material was subdivided into groups (n = 10), and the same specimens were evaluated at baseline, after 3 and 14 days of immersion in distilled water, whey protein isolate, or whey protein concentrate. Surface roughness (Ra) was measured with a contact profilometer, while color stainability (ΔE00) and translucency (ΔRTP00) were assessed using a spectrophotometer. Surface roughness was not significantly affected by solution type, with minor material-specific increases limited to AC and VST (p = 0.001). Color stainability differed significantly among solutions (p = 0.001) and increased significantly between 3 and 14 days (p = 0.001), with whey protein concentrate producing the greatest discoloration. At 14 days, AC demonstrated the highest ΔE00, followed by CT, while PC, VSC, and VST showed comparable performance. Translucency changes differed significantly among materials (p = 0.001), with AC exhibiting the lowest ΔRTP00 in protein solutions, exceeding the perceptibility threshold but remaining below the acceptability threshold. Whey protein shakes increased color stainability of certain resins, with AC, CT, and VST exceeding the color acceptability threshold (AT00 = 1.81), while surface roughness changes were limited and translucency remained within the acceptability threshold for all materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
Full text is not displayed to guests.
FullText Links:
  – Type: pdflink
Text:
  Availability: 1
Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 194117767
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
IllustrationInfo
Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Effect of Whey Protein Isolate and Concentrate Shakes on Surface and Optical Properties of 3D-Printed Definitive Resins.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Albayrak%2C+Hasan+Can%22">Albayrak, Hasan Can</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> hasancan.albayrak@kstu.edu.tr</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Taşın%2C+Simge%22">Taşın, Simge</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22İsmatullaev%2C+Artur%22">İsmatullaev, Artur</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Polymers+%2820734360%29%22">Polymers (20734360)</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 18 Issue 10, p1166. 16p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Whey+proteins%22">Whey proteins</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Surface+roughness%22">Surface roughness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Three-dimensional+printing%22">Three-dimensional printing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Light+transmission%22">Light transmission</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dental+materials%22">Dental materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22In+vitro+studies%22">In vitro studies</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This in vitro study evaluated the effects of whey protein isolate and concentrate on surface roughness, color stainability, and translucency of 3D-printed definitive resins. Five 3D-printed resins were tested: Alias Dental Crown (AC), Crowntec (CT), Permanent Crown Resin (PC), VarseoSmile Crownplus (VSC), and VarseoSmile TriniQ (VST) (n = 30). Each material was subdivided into groups (n = 10), and the same specimens were evaluated at baseline, after 3 and 14 days of immersion in distilled water, whey protein isolate, or whey protein concentrate. Surface roughness (Ra) was measured with a contact profilometer, while color stainability (ΔE00) and translucency (ΔRTP00) were assessed using a spectrophotometer. Surface roughness was not significantly affected by solution type, with minor material-specific increases limited to AC and VST (p = 0.001). Color stainability differed significantly among solutions (p = 0.001) and increased significantly between 3 and 14 days (p = 0.001), with whey protein concentrate producing the greatest discoloration. At 14 days, AC demonstrated the highest ΔE00, followed by CT, while PC, VSC, and VST showed comparable performance. Translucency changes differed significantly among materials (p = 0.001), with AC exhibiting the lowest ΔRTP00 in protein solutions, exceeding the perceptibility threshold but remaining below the acceptability threshold. Whey protein shakes increased color stainability of certain resins, with AC, CT, and VST exceeding the color acceptability threshold (AT00 = 1.81), while surface roughness changes were limited and translucency remained within the acceptability threshold for all materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=egs&AN=194117767
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3390/polym18101166
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 16
        StartPage: 1166
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Whey proteins
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Surface roughness
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Three-dimensional printing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Light transmission
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dental materials
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: In vitro studies
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Effect of Whey Protein Isolate and Concentrate Shakes on Surface and Optical Properties of 3D-Printed Definitive Resins.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Albayrak, Hasan Can
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Taşın, Simge
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: İsmatullaev, Artur
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 15
              M: 05
              Text: May2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 20734360
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 18
            – Type: issue
              Value: 10
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Polymers (20734360)
              Type: main
ResultId 1