Sustainable Stabilization of Silty Sand Using Recycled Industrial Polymer Reinforcement with a Hybrid Lime–Cement Binder.
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| Title: | Sustainable Stabilization of Silty Sand Using Recycled Industrial Polymer Reinforcement with a Hybrid Lime–Cement Binder. |
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| Authors: | Lounas, Ayad1 (AUTHOR), Alsharedah, Yazeed A.2 (AUTHOR), Deboucha, Sadek3 (AUTHOR), Altowaijri, Yasser1,2 (AUTHOR) y.altwaijry@qu.edu.sa |
| Source: | Polymers (20734360). May2026, Vol. 18 Issue 10, p1264. 24p. |
| Subjects: | Soil stabilization, Sustainable construction, Reinforced plastics, Mechanical behavior of materials, Pavement design & construction, Geotechnical engineering, Soils |
| Abstract: | Stabilizing weak soils is a well-known pavement and geotechnical engineering technique. This technique involves introducing minimal cementitious materials to improve the soil's geotechnical characteristics. This paper investigates the use of recycled industrial polymer waste (IPW) as a reinforcement material in the presence of cementitious binders to stabilize weak silty sand soil (SM), supporting sustainable engineering practices. The randomly distributed IPW were added as percentages of 0%, 5%, and 10% to a mixture of lime soil and cement soil, with varying amounts of 0% to 6% of lime (L) and 0% to 6% of ordinary Portland cement (OPC), respectively. The laboratory experiments were conducted on natural and stabilized samples in wet (unsoaked) and submerged (soaked) conditions. The experimental program included Proctor compaction, California bearing ratio (CBR), unconfined compressive strength (UCS), durability tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction analyses. The resilient modulus (Mr) was estimated using an empirical equation. The outcomes of this experimental study show that adding a combination of IPW shreds with a small amount of L and/or OPC to the SM soil provides a significant increase in the UCS, CBR, durability and Mr values compared with case of SM with only L, which allows for superior characteristics and increases strength and stiffness parameters throughout any phase of earthwork construction design, resulting in stronger and stiffer subgrades. These results were reinforced by microstructural observations from SEM, EDS, and DRX, confirming the formation of cementitious gels and chemical compounds, consistent with the macro-scale mechanical improvements. The expected practical outcomes include potential reductions in pavement thickness, which can help lower pavement stabilization costs and extend its service life. Additionally, the use of waste materials to replace raw materials contributes to decreased energy consumption and emissions, although detailed assessments are needed to quantify these effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 194117865 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Sustainable Stabilization of Silty Sand Using Recycled Industrial Polymer Reinforcement with a Hybrid Lime–Cement Binder. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lounas%2C+Ayad%22">Lounas, Ayad</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Alsharedah%2C+Yazeed+A%2E%22">Alsharedah, Yazeed A.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Deboucha%2C+Sadek%22">Deboucha, Sadek</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Altowaijri%2C+Yasser%22">Altowaijri, Yasser</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> y.altwaijry@qu.edu.sa</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Polymers+%2820734360%29%22">Polymers (20734360)</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 18 Issue 10, p1264. 24p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Soil+stabilization%22">Soil stabilization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sustainable+construction%22">Sustainable construction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reinforced+plastics%22">Reinforced plastics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mechanical+behavior+of+materials%22">Mechanical behavior of materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pavement+design+%26+construction%22">Pavement design & construction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Geotechnical+engineering%22">Geotechnical engineering</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Soils%22">Soils</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Stabilizing weak soils is a well-known pavement and geotechnical engineering technique. This technique involves introducing minimal cementitious materials to improve the soil's geotechnical characteristics. This paper investigates the use of recycled industrial polymer waste (IPW) as a reinforcement material in the presence of cementitious binders to stabilize weak silty sand soil (SM), supporting sustainable engineering practices. The randomly distributed IPW were added as percentages of 0%, 5%, and 10% to a mixture of lime soil and cement soil, with varying amounts of 0% to 6% of lime (L) and 0% to 6% of ordinary Portland cement (OPC), respectively. The laboratory experiments were conducted on natural and stabilized samples in wet (unsoaked) and submerged (soaked) conditions. The experimental program included Proctor compaction, California bearing ratio (CBR), unconfined compressive strength (UCS), durability tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction analyses. The resilient modulus (Mr) was estimated using an empirical equation. The outcomes of this experimental study show that adding a combination of IPW shreds with a small amount of L and/or OPC to the SM soil provides a significant increase in the UCS, CBR, durability and Mr values compared with case of SM with only L, which allows for superior characteristics and increases strength and stiffness parameters throughout any phase of earthwork construction design, resulting in stronger and stiffer subgrades. These results were reinforced by microstructural observations from SEM, EDS, and DRX, confirming the formation of cementitious gels and chemical compounds, consistent with the macro-scale mechanical improvements. The expected practical outcomes include potential reductions in pavement thickness, which can help lower pavement stabilization costs and extend its service life. Additionally, the use of waste materials to replace raw materials contributes to decreased energy consumption and emissions, although detailed assessments are needed to quantify these effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.3390/polym18101264 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 24 StartPage: 1264 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Soil stabilization Type: general – SubjectFull: Sustainable construction Type: general – SubjectFull: Reinforced plastics Type: general – SubjectFull: Mechanical behavior of materials Type: general – SubjectFull: Pavement design & construction Type: general – SubjectFull: Geotechnical engineering Type: general – SubjectFull: Soils Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Sustainable Stabilization of Silty Sand Using Recycled Industrial Polymer Reinforcement with a Hybrid Lime–Cement Binder. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Lounas, Ayad – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Alsharedah, Yazeed A. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Deboucha, Sadek – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Altowaijri, Yasser IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 15 M: 05 Text: May2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 20734360 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 18 – Type: issue Value: 10 Titles: – TitleFull: Polymers (20734360) Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
