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Monitoring Post-Mining Surface Uplift Induced by Mine Flooding Using EGMS and PSInSAR: A Case Study from the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Poland).

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Title: Monitoring Post-Mining Surface Uplift Induced by Mine Flooding Using EGMS and PSInSAR: A Case Study from the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Poland).
Authors: Sokoła-Szewioła, Violetta1 (AUTHOR), Sopata, Paweł2 (AUTHOR), Mrocheń, Dawid3 (AUTHOR) dawid.mrochen@imgpan.pl
Source: Remote Sensing. May2026, Vol. 18 Issue 10, p1548. 23p.
Subjects: Radar interferometry, Deformation of surfaces, Coal basins, Abandoned mines, Geodetic observations, Water table
Geographic Terms: Poland
Abstract: Highlights: What are the main findings? The study confirmed a slow, long-term post-mining surface uplift trend in the area of the closed "Kazimierz-Juliusz" coal mine, with maximum vertical displacement reaching approximately 3.5 cm over nearly five years. Quantitative validation demonstrated a high level of agreement between satellite data (EGMS) and precise leveling, with a mean absolute difference below 1 mm. What are the implications of the main findings? The research proves that satellite-based radar interferometry, particularly EGMS products, is a highly reliable tool for monitoring low-magnitude, spatially smooth deformation processes in post-mining areas. The detected millimeter-scale uplift rates (approx. 7–9 mm/year) are considered low-magnitude and do not pose a significant threat to buildings or technical infrastructure on the surface. This study investigates vertical surface displacements in an area previously impacted by extensive underground hard coal extraction, specifically focusing on the closed "Kazimierz-Juliusz" mine in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Poland). The cessation of mining operations and formal decommissioning do not necessarily signify the termination of ground instability; rather, the discontinuation of mine water pumping triggers a progressive groundwater rebound within the rock mass. This hydrogeological shift leads to a redistribution of stresses in the geological structure, inducing deformation processes that manifest as surface uplift. This research aims to characterize the temporal evolution and magnitude of post-closure surface elevation changes by integrating satellite radar interferometry with conventional geodetic surveys. The analysis, spanning a 28-month observation period, utilizes both Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSInSAR) and European Ground Motion Service (EGMS) data, complemented by precise geometric leveling. The results reveal a low-magnitude deformation process, with detected uplift rates reaching approximately 1 cm/year. The synergistic integration of InSAR-based monitoring and classical geodesy allowed for robust cross-validation, significantly enhancing the reliability of the findings both qualitatively and quantitatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Monitoring Post-Mining Surface Uplift Induced by Mine Flooding Using EGMS and PSInSAR: A Case Study from the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Poland).
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  Data: Highlights: What are the main findings? The study confirmed a slow, long-term post-mining surface uplift trend in the area of the closed "Kazimierz-Juliusz" coal mine, with maximum vertical displacement reaching approximately 3.5 cm over nearly five years. Quantitative validation demonstrated a high level of agreement between satellite data (EGMS) and precise leveling, with a mean absolute difference below 1 mm. What are the implications of the main findings? The research proves that satellite-based radar interferometry, particularly EGMS products, is a highly reliable tool for monitoring low-magnitude, spatially smooth deformation processes in post-mining areas. The detected millimeter-scale uplift rates (approx. 7–9 mm/year) are considered low-magnitude and do not pose a significant threat to buildings or technical infrastructure on the surface. This study investigates vertical surface displacements in an area previously impacted by extensive underground hard coal extraction, specifically focusing on the closed "Kazimierz-Juliusz" mine in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Poland). The cessation of mining operations and formal decommissioning do not necessarily signify the termination of ground instability; rather, the discontinuation of mine water pumping triggers a progressive groundwater rebound within the rock mass. This hydrogeological shift leads to a redistribution of stresses in the geological structure, inducing deformation processes that manifest as surface uplift. This research aims to characterize the temporal evolution and magnitude of post-closure surface elevation changes by integrating satellite radar interferometry with conventional geodetic surveys. The analysis, spanning a 28-month observation period, utilizes both Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSInSAR) and European Ground Motion Service (EGMS) data, complemented by precise geometric leveling. The results reveal a low-magnitude deformation process, with detected uplift rates reaching approximately 1 cm/year. The synergistic integration of InSAR-based monitoring and classical geodesy allowed for robust cross-validation, significantly enhancing the reliability of the findings both qualitatively and quantitatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/rs18101548
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Radar interferometry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Deformation of surfaces
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Coal basins
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Abandoned mines
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Geodetic observations
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      – SubjectFull: Water table
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Poland
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Monitoring Post-Mining Surface Uplift Induced by Mine Flooding Using EGMS and PSInSAR: A Case Study from the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Poland).
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            NameFull: Sopata, Paweł
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              Text: May2026
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