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The microstructures and mechanical properties of ZrB2 ceramics doped with boron-rich rare-earth borides.

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Title: The microstructures and mechanical properties of ZrB2 ceramics doped with boron-rich rare-earth borides.
Authors: Liu, Hu-Lin1 (AUTHOR) liuhulin@sust.edu.cn, Zhou, Xue-Yang1 (AUTHOR), Yu, Cheng-Long1 (AUTHOR), Man, Zhen-Yong2 (AUTHOR), Xue, Yun-Long1 (AUTHOR), Hai, Ou1 (AUTHOR), Wu, Yuan-Ting1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Ceramics International. Jun2026:Part B, Vol. 52 Issue 15, p29349-29361. 13p.
Subjects: Zirconium boride, Sintering, Fracture toughness, Chemical purification, Boron compounds, Mechanical behavior of materials, Solid solutions, Microstructure
Abstract: ZrB 2 is a key ultra-high-temperature ceramic serving above 2000 °C. Although rare-earth (RE) compounds can tailor the microstructures and properties, the effects of boron-rich RE borides on impurity removal, microstructural evolution, and property regulation remain poorly understood. This study investigated the reactions of LaB 6 , YB 4 and YbB 6 with ZrO 2 , then incorporated YB 4 or YbB 6 into ZrB 2 ceramics to accelerate pressureless sintering densification. The results indicate that these RE borides react with ZrO 2 impurities to in-situ form highly active ZrB 2 above 1600 °C, enhancing ZrB 2 sinterability. YbB 6 outperforms YB 4 in densification due to (Zr, Yb)B 2 solid solution formation during impurity removal. At an optimal 4 mol% YbB 6 content, ZBYb-4 sample achieves 4.73% porosity with 2.41 vol% residual YbB 6. Further addition of B 4 C and C sintering aids suppresses the formation of (Zr, Yb)B 2 solid solution, increasing residual YbB 6 to 7.69 vol%. Both ceramics exhibit reduced Vickers hardness of ∼8.34 GPa but improved fracture toughness of ∼5.53 MPa m1/2, attributed to the intrinsic low hardness and high damage tolerance of the YbB 6 phase. This work provides systematic guidelines for compositional and microstructural design of ZrB 2 -based ceramics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Ceramics International is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: The microstructures and mechanical properties of ZrB2 ceramics doped with boron-rich rare-earth borides.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Hu-Lin%22">Liu, Hu-Lin</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> liuhulin@sust.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhou%2C+Xue-Yang%22">Zhou, Xue-Yang</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yu%2C+Cheng-Long%22">Yu, Cheng-Long</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Man%2C+Zhen-Yong%22">Man, Zhen-Yong</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xue%2C+Yun-Long%22">Xue, Yun-Long</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hai%2C+Ou%22">Hai, Ou</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wu%2C+Yuan-Ting%22">Wu, Yuan-Ting</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Ceramics+International%22">Ceramics International</searchLink>. Jun2026:Part B, Vol. 52 Issue 15, p29349-29361. 13p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Zirconium+boride%22">Zirconium boride</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sintering%22">Sintering</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fracture+toughness%22">Fracture toughness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chemical+purification%22">Chemical purification</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Boron+compounds%22">Boron compounds</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mechanical+behavior+of+materials%22">Mechanical behavior of materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solid+solutions%22">Solid solutions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microstructure%22">Microstructure</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: ZrB 2 is a key ultra-high-temperature ceramic serving above 2000 °C. Although rare-earth (RE) compounds can tailor the microstructures and properties, the effects of boron-rich RE borides on impurity removal, microstructural evolution, and property regulation remain poorly understood. This study investigated the reactions of LaB 6 , YB 4 and YbB 6 with ZrO 2 , then incorporated YB 4 or YbB 6 into ZrB 2 ceramics to accelerate pressureless sintering densification. The results indicate that these RE borides react with ZrO 2 impurities to in-situ form highly active ZrB 2 above 1600 °C, enhancing ZrB 2 sinterability. YbB 6 outperforms YB 4 in densification due to (Zr, Yb)B 2 solid solution formation during impurity removal. At an optimal 4 mol% YbB 6 content, ZBYb-4 sample achieves 4.73% porosity with 2.41 vol% residual YbB 6. Further addition of B 4 C and C sintering aids suppresses the formation of (Zr, Yb)B 2 solid solution, increasing residual YbB 6 to 7.69 vol%. Both ceramics exhibit reduced Vickers hardness of ∼8.34 GPa but improved fracture toughness of ∼5.53 MPa m1/2, attributed to the intrinsic low hardness and high damage tolerance of the YbB 6 phase. This work provides systematic guidelines for compositional and microstructural design of ZrB 2 -based ceramics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Ceramics International is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2026.05.014
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Sintering
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      – SubjectFull: Fracture toughness
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      – SubjectFull: Chemical purification
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      – SubjectFull: Boron compounds
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      – SubjectFull: Mechanical behavior of materials
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      – SubjectFull: Solid solutions
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      – SubjectFull: Microstructure
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              Text: Jun2026:Part B
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