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Method for calculating fatigue test loads of large-scale wind turbine blades considering pre-bending and geometric nonlinearity.

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Title: Method for calculating fatigue test loads of large-scale wind turbine blades considering pre-bending and geometric nonlinearity.
Authors: Zhang, Lifang1 (AUTHOR), Ma, Qiang1 (AUTHOR), Bai, Xuezong1 (AUTHOR), Hou, Yunfeng1 (AUTHOR) houyf@lut.edu.cn, An, Zongwen1 (AUTHOR) anzongwen@163.com, Zhang, Wenwei2 (AUTHOR), Wang, Bowen2 (AUTHOR), Deng, Hang2 (AUTHOR), Zhao, Jiangang2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Wind Engineering. Jun2026, Vol. 50 Issue 3, p536-562. 27p.
Subjects: Wind turbine blades, Nonlinear theories, Dynamic loads, Single-degree-of-freedom systems, Deformations (Mechanics), Strains & stresses (Mechanics), Static equilibrium (Physics), Fatigue testing machines
Abstract: The increasing size of wind turbine blades has intensified the influence of pre-bending and geometric nonlinearity in fatigue testing, where traditional methods neglect their coupling effects and lead to significant load calculation deviations. This study develops a calculation method that considers both the static deformation caused by pre-bending and the softening effect induced by geometric nonlinearity. The method establishes a multi-degree-of-freedom system model and determines test loads through combined static equilibrium and dynamic response analyses. Validation with a 90-meter blade shows that the method reduces the first flapwise natural frequency calculation error from 6.1% to 0.3%, and achieves high accuracy in predicting test bending moments with errors within ±2% in the highly loaded root region (0-40% span). The method also reveals the variation of stress ratios from −6 at the root to −1 near the tip, capturing the asymmetric loading characteristics in actual testing conditions. These findings establish a theoretical basis for fatigue testing of large-scale wind turbine blades and improve testing efficiency by reducing empirical adjustments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Wind Engineering is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 194489433
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PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Method for calculating fatigue test loads of large-scale wind turbine blades considering pre-bending and geometric nonlinearity.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Lifang%22">Zhang, Lifang</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ma%2C+Qiang%22">Ma, Qiang</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bai%2C+Xuezong%22">Bai, Xuezong</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hou%2C+Yunfeng%22">Hou, Yunfeng</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> houyf@lut.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22An%2C+Zongwen%22">An, Zongwen</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> anzongwen@163.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Wenwei%22">Zhang, Wenwei</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Bowen%22">Wang, Bowen</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Deng%2C+Hang%22">Deng, Hang</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhao%2C+Jiangang%22">Zhao, Jiangang</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Wind+Engineering%22">Wind Engineering</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 50 Issue 3, p536-562. 27p.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wind+turbine+blades%22">Wind turbine blades</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nonlinear+theories%22">Nonlinear theories</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dynamic+loads%22">Dynamic loads</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Single-degree-of-freedom+systems%22">Single-degree-of-freedom systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Deformations+%28Mechanics%29%22">Deformations (Mechanics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Strains+%26+stresses+%28Mechanics%29%22">Strains & stresses (Mechanics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Static+equilibrium+%28Physics%29%22">Static equilibrium (Physics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fatigue+testing+machines%22">Fatigue testing machines</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The increasing size of wind turbine blades has intensified the influence of pre-bending and geometric nonlinearity in fatigue testing, where traditional methods neglect their coupling effects and lead to significant load calculation deviations. This study develops a calculation method that considers both the static deformation caused by pre-bending and the softening effect induced by geometric nonlinearity. The method establishes a multi-degree-of-freedom system model and determines test loads through combined static equilibrium and dynamic response analyses. Validation with a 90-meter blade shows that the method reduces the first flapwise natural frequency calculation error from 6.1% to 0.3%, and achieves high accuracy in predicting test bending moments with errors within ±2% in the highly loaded root region (0-40% span). The method also reveals the variation of stress ratios from −6 at the root to −1 near the tip, capturing the asymmetric loading characteristics in actual testing conditions. These findings establish a theoretical basis for fatigue testing of large-scale wind turbine blades and improve testing efficiency by reducing empirical adjustments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Wind Engineering is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1177/0309524X251411612
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 27
        StartPage: 536
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Wind turbine blades
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nonlinear theories
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dynamic loads
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Single-degree-of-freedom systems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Deformations (Mechanics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Strains & stresses (Mechanics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Static equilibrium (Physics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fatigue testing machines
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Method for calculating fatigue test loads of large-scale wind turbine blades considering pre-bending and geometric nonlinearity.
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            NameFull: Zhang, Lifang
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            NameFull: Ma, Qiang
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            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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