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Sea surface shape derivation above the seismic streamer.

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Title: Sea surface shape derivation above the seismic streamer.
Authors: Laws, Robert1 laws@cambridge.oilfield.slb.com, Kragh, Ed1
Source: Geophysical Prospecting. Nov2006, Vol. 54 Issue 6, p817-828. 12p. 2 Diagrams, 8 Graphs.
Subjects: Seismic reflection method data processing, Seismic waves, Sea level, Ocean waves, Hydrophone, Seismological stations
Abstract: The rough sea surface causes perturbations in the seismic data that can be significant for time-lapse studies. The perturbations arise because the reflection response of the non-flat sea perturbs the seismic wavelet. In order to remove these perturbations from the received seismic data, special deconvolution methods can be used, but these methods require, as input, the time varying wave elevation above each hydrophone in the streamer. In addition, the vertical displacement of the streamer itself must also be known at the position of each hydrophone and at all times. This information is not available in conventional seismic acquisition. However, it can be obtained from the hydrophone measurements provided that the hydrophones are recorded individually (not grouped), that the recording bandwidth is extended down to 0.05 Hz and that data are recorded without gaps between the shot records. The sea surface elevation, and also the wave-induced vertical displacement of the streamer, can be determined from the time-varying pressure that the sea waves cause in the hydrophone measurements. When this was done experimentally, using a single sensor seismic streamer without a conventional low cut filter, the wave induced pressure variations were easily detected. The inversion of these experimental data gives results for the sea surface elevation that are consistent with the weather and sea state at the time of acquisition. A high tension approximation allows a simplified solution of the equations that does not demand a knowledge of the streamer tension. However, best results at the tail end of the streamer are obtained using the general equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Geophysical Prospecting is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
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  Data: Sea surface shape derivation above the seismic streamer.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Geophysical+Prospecting%22">Geophysical Prospecting</searchLink>. Nov2006, Vol. 54 Issue 6, p817-828. 12p. 2 Diagrams, 8 Graphs.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Seismic+reflection+method+data+processing%22">Seismic reflection method data processing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Seismic+waves%22">Seismic waves</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sea+level%22">Sea level</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ocean+waves%22">Ocean waves</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrophone%22">Hydrophone</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Seismological+stations%22">Seismological stations</searchLink>
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  Data: The rough sea surface causes perturbations in the seismic data that can be significant for time-lapse studies. The perturbations arise because the reflection response of the non-flat sea perturbs the seismic wavelet. In order to remove these perturbations from the received seismic data, special deconvolution methods can be used, but these methods require, as input, the time varying wave elevation above each hydrophone in the streamer. In addition, the vertical displacement of the streamer itself must also be known at the position of each hydrophone and at all times. This information is not available in conventional seismic acquisition. However, it can be obtained from the hydrophone measurements provided that the hydrophones are recorded individually (not grouped), that the recording bandwidth is extended down to 0.05 Hz and that data are recorded without gaps between the shot records. The sea surface elevation, and also the wave-induced vertical displacement of the streamer, can be determined from the time-varying pressure that the sea waves cause in the hydrophone measurements. When this was done experimentally, using a single sensor seismic streamer without a conventional low cut filter, the wave induced pressure variations were easily detected. The inversion of these experimental data gives results for the sea surface elevation that are consistent with the weather and sea state at the time of acquisition. A high tension approximation allows a simplified solution of the equations that does not demand a knowledge of the streamer tension. However, best results at the tail end of the streamer are obtained using the general equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Geophysical Prospecting is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1111/j.1365-2478.2006.00583.x
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 12
        StartPage: 817
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Seismic reflection method data processing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Seismic waves
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sea level
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ocean waves
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hydrophone
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Seismological stations
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Sea surface shape derivation above the seismic streamer.
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            NameFull: Laws, Robert
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            NameFull: Kragh, Ed
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            – D: 01
              M: 11
              Text: Nov2006
              Type: published
              Y: 2006
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              Value: 54
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              Value: 6
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            – TitleFull: Geophysical Prospecting
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